N2O profiles in the enhanced CANON process via long-term N2H4 addition: minimized N2O production and the influence of exogenous N2H4 on N2O sources

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) from the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process is of growing...     

非自由基活化过一硫酸盐氧化降解喹啉的反应机制及毒性评价

采用非自由基活化的过一硫酸盐（PMS）氧化降解水中的喹啉,考察了PMS浓度、初始pH、反应温度及水中共存物质对喹啉降解效率的影响.结果表明,非自由基活化PMS体系可以有效降解喹啉,喹啉的降解过程符合伪一级反应动力学.初始喹啉浓度为10.0 mg·L^-1、PMS浓度为4.0 mmol·L^-1、pH 为7.0、温度为25 ℃的条件下,反应150 min喹啉降解率达到95.8%. HCO₃^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和腐殖酸对喹啉的降解没有影响, 高浓度Cl^-可促进喹啉的降解.淬灭实验证实,反应体系中没有SO₄^-·和·OH的生成,而存在单线态氧（¹O₂）,PMS的直接氧化是喹啉降解的主导作用机制.通过GC-MS检测了喹啉降解的中间产物,并推测了喹啉降解的可能路径.毒性实验表明,反应体系降解喹啉过程中产生了毒性更强的中间产物,而在最佳反应条件下体系可以有效脱毒.     

GC–ECD analysis of S-metolachlor (Dual Gold) in cotton plant and soil in trial field

The analytical method of S-metolachlor residue and its degradation in cotton and soil in trial field were investigated. S-metolachlor EC (96% w/w) was applied as pre-emergence at dosages of 1,500 and 2,250 ml ha(-1) 3 days after sowing of the cottonseeds in the field. The soil and the plant samples were collected at different intervals and the residues of S-metolachlor were analyzed by GC-ECD. The results showed that the degradation of S-metolachlor in cotton leaves in Beijing and Nanjing coincides with C = 0.1113e(-0.1050t) and C = 0.1177e(-0.1580t), respectively; the half-lives were about 6.6 and 4.4 days. The degradation of S-metolachlor in soil in Beijing and Nanjing coincides with C = 1.0621e(-0.0475) (t), and C = 0.9212e(-0.0548) (t), respectively; the half-lives were about 14.6 and 12.6 days,. At harvest time, the S-metolachlor in cotton seeds and soil samples were detected by GC-ECD and confirmed by GC/MS. The results showed that the residues in cottonseeds were lower than the USA EPA's maximum residue limit of 0.1 mg kg(-1) in cottonseed. It could be considered as safe to human beings and environment.     

完全自营养脱氮过程中的影响因素

基于正交实验考察了溶解氧（DO）、初始NH4＋-N浓度、pH对SBR自营养脱氮性能的影响。结果表明，DO和NH4＋-N浓度对好氧氨氧化速率影响大，pH对好氧氨氧化速率的影响小；DO、NH4＋-N浓度对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较大，pH对亚硝酸氧化速率的影响较小；DO、NH4＋-N浓度和pH对厌氧氨氧化菌（ANAOB）的活性影响较小。好氧氨氧化菌（AOB）直接影响到CANON系统的总氮去除能力，是CANON系统的控制反应，DO是关键控制因子。实验确定的CANON系统优化运行条件为，DO（0．3±0．05）mg／L、初始NH4＋-N浓度150mg／L和pH7．4。     

填埋场覆盖土微生物好氧/厌氧共代谢降解氯乙烯的特性、贡献度及微生态研究

填埋场已成为氯乙烯污染的重要来源,明晰覆盖层土壤中氯乙烯的降解特性及功能微生物群落组成对氯乙烯污染控制具有重要意义.基于填埋场覆盖土系统开展了典型氯乙烯的好氧/厌氧共代谢降解研究.结果显示,好氧和厌氧条件下CH₄均可发生降解,二氯乙烯（DCE）只能在好氧条件下被降解,净降解速率为50μg·h^-1·L^-1;三氯乙烯（TCE）可同时发生好氧共代谢和厌氧共代谢转化,净降解速率分别为38和5μg·h^-1·L^-1;四氯乙烯（PCE）只能发生厌氧共代谢,降解速率为0.77μg·h^-1·L^-1,发现好氧共代谢速率远高于厌氧共代谢速率.构建了覆盖层中氯乙烯的分布模型并评估了CH₄及氯乙烯好氧/厌氧共代谢贡献度,CH₄好氧和厌氧降解贡献度分别为59%～70%和30%～41%,TCE好氧和厌氧共代谢降解贡献度分别为73%和27%.对氯乙烯厌氧/好氧共代谢降解过程的微生物群落组成及潜在功能菌属进行了分析,发现好氧...