间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵对填埋稳定化飞灰中重金属浸出行为影响

以间歇-分阶段进水方式进行了模拟酸雨柱式动态淋溶实验.结果表明,间歇-阶段性酸雨入侵会影响填埋飞灰中Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的浸出行为;尤其间歇停滞期后的初期酸雨入侵会增加多数重金属的再浸出水平,且该部分重金属的释放主要源于前阶段酸雨侵蚀过程中所形成的非稳定性（弱酸态）重金属.各酸雨侵蚀阶段,部分重金属（如Pb-Zn）的浸出行为具有相关性,这与各重金属在飞灰基质内的赋存形态、矿物相稳定性及酸性侵蚀程度等有关.各阶段酸雨入侵会相继溶出飞灰中的可溶性（NaCl、KCl等）、难溶性氯盐（CaClOH）以及微溶性钙盐（CaSO₄）,并增加CaCO₃和Ca-Al-Si-O等矿物的峰强.各阶段酸雨入侵会使初始飞灰表面的团簇状结构逐渐被酸性（H⁺）侵蚀作用破坏,并暴露出大量棒状或条形状CaCO₃晶体,且随着酸雨入侵次数的增加,CaCO₃也将逐渐被侵蚀破坏.本研究为非连续酸性降雨条件下填埋稳定化飞灰的重金属浸出行为评价及风险管控提供了科学依据.     

两级A/O工艺处理焦化废水有机污染物转化特征及细菌群落响应

为探究两级缺氧/好氧(anoxic/oxic, A/O)工艺处理焦化废水有机污染物转化和细菌群落结构之间的关系,以实际运行的焦化废水处理厂为研究对象,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和三维荧光光谱对废水中有机污染物官能团与溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)进行分析,并采用高通量测序技术,分析两级A/O工艺中细菌群落结构及其功能的沿程变化. 结果表明:①两级A/O工艺对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₄+-N)、硫氰酸盐(SCN?)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)、苯酚、挥发酚的去除率均在90%以上. ②各有机污染物的去除与醇类、脂类、醚类、多糖类及羧酸类等物质的C≡N、C—N、C=C、—CO—伸缩振动,以及—NH₂和N—H弯曲振动等官能团运动有关,原水中大部分DOM被去除. ③微生物分析表明,硫杆菌(Thiobacillus)为两级A/O工艺的优势菌属(相对丰度为18.85%~31.06%),Fluviicola和norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45的相对丰度与BaP浓度均呈负相关,Arenimonas的相对丰度与挥发酚、苯酚浓度均呈正相关,Bradyrhizobium、Nakamurella、Nitrospira、norank_f_NS9_marine_group、unclassified_f_Rhizobiaceae的相对丰度与挥发酚、苯酚浓度均呈负相关. ④两级A/O工艺中有机污染物的去除与氟苯甲酸酯降解、多环芳烃降解、苯甲酸酯降解等多种代谢途径有关. 研究显示,经两级A/O工艺处理后,焦化废水中的主要污染物均显著去除,并且有机污染物变化均会影响功能微生物相对丰度的改变.      

Current status of indoor dust PBDE pollution and its physical burden and health effects on children

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in indoor dust, which has been identified as a more important route of PBDE exposure for...     

典型化工设备地震破坏形式分析与控制

针对化工生产连续性强,管线接口多,塔罐类设备多而高,其刚度强度分布不均匀,结构重心高等特点,从地震对化工企业的影响人手,简述了地震波的传播形式及其对化工设备的破坏作用,重点分析了典型化工设备(如塔类、罐类、管线类)在地震情况下的破坏形式及破坏原因,同时从化工企业的布局、选址,建(构)筑物、设备、工艺管道的抗震设计,设备...     

Mitochondrial toxicity and in vitro biological effects of ambient PM2.5 from an urban site in China

Abstract

The roles of PM_2.5-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress on mast cell degranulation were examined in vitro. Mast cells were treated with suspensions of PM_2.5 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium at concentrations from 25 to 200?mg/L in the absence or presence of 10?mmol/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine. Biological effects and mitochondrial function were assessed by determining cell viability, β-hexosaminidase release, interleukin-4 secretion, reactive oxygen species generation, adenosine triphosphate production, potential alteration of mitochondrial membrane, and activities of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and III. Exposure of mast cells to PM_2.5 induced reduction of adenosine triphosphate production, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibition of the activity of complex III. Co-treatment of mast cells exposed to PM_2.5 with N-acetyl-L-cysteine attenuated cytotoxicity and the production of reactive oxygen species, and decreased the release of β-hexosaminidase and interleukin-4. Evidently, PM_2.5-induced oxidative stress plays an essential role in mitochondrial toxicity and mast cell activation.     

Release characteristics of mercury in chemical looping combustion of bituminous coal

This study evaluated the release characteristics of mercury from bituminous coal in chemical looping combustion (CLC) using Australian iron ore as the oxygen carrier in a fixed bed reactor. The effects of several parameters, such as temperature in the fuel reactor (FR) and air reactor (AR), gasification medium in the FR, and reaction atmosphere in the AR, on mercury release characteristics, were investigated. The mercury speciation and release amount in the FR and AR under different conditions were further explored. The results indicate that most of the mercury in coal was released in the FR, while the rest of it was released in the AR. Hg⁰ was found to be the major species in the released mercury. The results also indicate that a higher temperature in the FR led to an increase in the total mercury release amount and a decrease in Hg⁰ proportion. However, a higher temperature in the AR resulted in a decrease in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. The increase in the H₂O/CO₂ ratio of gasification mediums in the FR was beneficial for the increase in the total mercury release amount and Hg⁰ proportion. A higher O₂ concentration in reaction atmosphere in AR had a negligible effect on the total mercury release amount, but a positive effect on Hg⁰ oxidization.     

畜禽养殖废水生物处理与农田利用过程抗生素抗性基因的转归特征研究进展

兽用抗生素的广泛使用造成了畜禽养殖场及其周边环境中抗生素抗性基因丰度的提高,而畜禽养殖废水所携带的抗性基因在生物处理及其农田利用过程中的转归规律尚不明确,存在抗性基因从畜禽养殖场向周边环境的传播风险.本文通过文献调研,综述了畜禽养殖废水中抗性基因的赋存特征、抗性基因在畜禽养殖废水生物处理和农田利用过程中转归的研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向,以期为揭示畜禽养殖废水在生物处理和农田利用过程中抗性基因的消减规律、降低抗性基因传播风险提供借鉴.     

畜禽养殖过程抗生素使用与耐药病原菌及其抗性基因赋存的研究进展

兽用抗生素在提高畜禽生产性能、防治疾病方面发挥着重要作用,目前全球超过一半以上抗生素用于畜禽养殖,畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌、抗性基因及其传播风险愈益得到人们的重视。我国是畜禽养殖和抗生素使用大国,但兽用抗生素使用、病原菌耐药水平及其抗性基因类型等数据却较为缺乏,不利于今后畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其传播风险的控制。因此,本文通过文献调研,对我国和主要发达国家的兽用抗生素使用情况、畜禽养殖源耐药病原菌及其携带的抗性基因、基因移动元件以及向环境传播的途径进行分析、总结,以期为规范合理用药、降低耐药病原菌及其抗性基因传播风险,建立从畜禽养殖场至公共环境全过程的抗性污染控制链条提供借鉴。     

Preparation and evaluation of aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 for copper removal from aqueous solution

A novel material, aminopropyl-functionalized manganese-loaded SBA-15 (NH₂-Mn-SBA-15), was synthesized by bonding 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (APTMS) onto manganese-loaded SBA-15 (Mn-SBA-15) and used as a Cu^2 + adsorbent in aqueous solution. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms, high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15. The ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was remained after modification. The manganese oxides were mainly loaded on the internal surface of the pore channels while the aminopropyl groups were mainly anchored on the external surface of SBA-15. The adsorption of Cu^2 + on NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 was fitted well by the Langmuir equation and the maximum adsorption capacity of NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 for Cu^2 + was over two times higher than that of Mn-SBA-15 under the same conditions. The Elovich equation gave a good fit for the adsorption process of Cu^2 + by NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 and Mn-SBA-15. Both the loaded manganese oxides and the anchored aminopropyl groups were found to contribute to the uptake of Cu^2 +. The NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 showed high selectivity for copper ions. Consecutive adsorption–desorption experiments showed that the NH₂-Mn-SBA-15 could be regenerated by acid treatment without altering its properties.