Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

黄土高原生态化油田建设

针对长庆油田在黄土高原较为脆弱的生态环境下,建设西部大庆过程中所面临的油田快速发展与生态保护之间的矛盾,运用工业生态学原理,总结探讨了长庆油田以企业文化、数字化油田、集约用地、研究配套实用勘探开发技术、体制机制改革、发展循环经济及管理创新等手段对建设生态化油田进行探索,实现企业发展、生态保护、企地和谐,通过油田的开发改善和促进黄土高原的生态文明。     

鼠李糖脂对剩余污泥中铜和镍的去除

采用批次淋洗的方法研究了鼠李糖脂浓度、pH、淋洗时间、提取次数以及重金属形态对剩余污泥中Cu和Ni去除效果的影响。结果表明,随着鼠李糖脂浓度的增加,2种重金属的去除率增加,且鼠李糖脂在碱性条件下对Cu和Ni的去除效果较好,最高去除率可分别高达80.77%和46.74%;随着振荡时间和提取次数的增加,Cu和Ni的去除率随之增加,并明显高于去离子水的提取;对污泥重金属形态进行分析发现,鼠李糖脂能有效去除酸提取态的Cu和Ni。研究结论可为剩余污泥的资源化而产生重金属安全隐患问题提供解决的参考方案和奠定理论基础。     

Impact of different benthic animals on phosphorus dynamics across the sediment-water interface

As a diagenetic progress, bioturbation influences solute exchange across the sediment-water interface (SWI). Different benthic animals have various mechanical activities in sediment, thereby they may have different effects on solute exchange across the SWI. This laboratory study examined the impacts of different benthic animals on phosphorus dynamics across the SWI. Tubificid worms and Chironomidae larvae were introduced as model organisms which, based on their mechanical activities, belong to upward-conveyors and gallery-diffusers, respectively. The microcosm simulation study was carried out with a continuous flow culture system, and all sediment, water, and worms and larvae specimens were sampled from Taihu Lake, China. To compare their bioturbation effects, the same biomass (17.1 g wet weight (ww)/m2) was adopted for worms and larvae.Worms altered no oxygen penetration depth in sediment, while larvae increased the O2 penetration depth, compared to the control treatment. Their emergence also enhanced sediment O2 uptake. The oxidation of ferrous iron in pore water produced ferric iron oxyhydroxides that adsorbed soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) from the overlying water and pore water. Larvae built obviously oxidized tubes with about 2 mm diameter and the maximum length of 6 cm in sediment, and significantly decreased ferrous iron and SRP in the pore water compared to the control and worms treatments. Worms constructed no visually-oxidized galleries in the sediment in contrast to larvae, and they did not significantly alter SRP in the pore water relative to the control treatment. The adsorption of ferric iron oxyhydroxides to SRP caused by worms and larvae inhibited SRP release from sediment. Comparatively, worms inhibited more SRP release than larvae based on the same biomass, as they successively renewed the ferric iron oxyhydroxides rich oxidation layer through their deposition.     

Status and changes of water quality in typical near-city zones of three East African Great Lakes in Tanzania

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tanzania is the only country bordering all three transboundary East African Great Lakes, i.e., Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Nyasa (Lake...     

典型喀斯特高原水库浮游植物与环境因子的关系

浮游植物的生长往往受多种环境因素共同作用,独特的地理特征也是影响其密度与群落结构变化的要素之一。为探索喀斯特高原水库浮游植物与环境因子的耦合关系,以贵州省典型喀斯特高原水库——阿哈水库为例,于2019年春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋季(10月)对水库各支流及库中心区域进行采样调查,探究了喀斯特水库基础水环境指标的量级、浮游植物群落组成、优势种变化及其密度的时空分布,进一步揭示浮游植物与环境因子的耦合关系,为喀斯特高原水库浮游植物研究以及水资源保护提供一定的科学依据。结果显示,阿哈水库浮游植物密度在3.95×10⁴-525.35×10⁴cells·L^?1,之间,以蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、隐藻居多,伪鱼腥藻(Pseudoanabaena sp.)、水华束丝藻(Aphanizomenon flos-aquae)为主要优势种。单因素方差分析(One-way ANOVA)结果表明,浮游植物密度的季节性差异显著(P<0.01),呈夏季>春季>秋季的趋势。由一元线性回归分析可知,在春季,浮游植物密度与溶解氧、pH、钙离子浓度呈极显著线性相关(P<0.01),与透明度、氮磷比具有显著相关关系(P<0.05);然而,浮游植物密度仅与夏季的透明度关系显著(P<0.05),与秋季的所有环境因子均无显著相关关系(P>0.05)。由冗余分析(RDA)可知,影响春季浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子为pH、钙离子浓度和总磷,夏季为透明度、总磷和氮磷比。秋季浮游植物群落结构可能受低温影响较大。     

赤泥基零价铁类芬顿降解罗丹明B和磺胺嘧啶的催化性能

为了有效去除废水中的有机污染物和实现赤泥(RM)的再利用,利用废弃活性炭(WAC)作为碳源,通过还原焙烧-磁选二步法制备了赤泥基零价铁(ZVI/RM)材料作为类芬顿催化剂催化氧化废水中常见的有机污染物罗丹明B (RhB)和磺胺嘧啶(SD).材料表征结果表明,零价铁均匀分布在材料上,且材料具有明显的介孔结构.当初始pH为...     

利用固控设备处理石油钻井废液的探讨

针对目前油田钻井废液原地固化处理技术易产生新废物、无法循环再利用、占用土地资源、无法根本消除环境风险等问题,按照工业生态理论的指导思想,提出了利用固控设备对钻井废液进行固液物理分离的技术,即对钻井所产生的岩屑、泥饼、清洗水、泥浆等污染物进行密闭循环处理,达到废物循环利用、控制产建投资的目的,这对从源头上控制钻井废液污染所产生的环境风险具有一定的积极意义,尤其对水资源缺乏、生态环境脆弱、成本控制压力较大的生产区具有较好的应用前景。     

冷库输氨管道氨气泄漏扩散特性分析及事故后果研究

针对冷库输氨管道老化腐蚀从而发生泄漏问题,建立开放空间氨气泄漏计算流体力学模型,分析了泄漏时间、泄漏速度和环境风速对氨气在开放空间浓度分布规律的影响。结果表明,泄漏时间对氨气浓度分布影响很大,随着时间增长,空间各点氨气浓度总体逐渐增大后稳定不变,不同点浓度增大的路径不同,浓度达到稳定的时间也不同;泄漏速度越大,氨气在同一时间内扩散范围越大,对大气环境危害更严重;风速越大,扩散区域有所偏移,但区域内氨气浓度变化不大。研究结论可为冷库氨泄漏事故处理提供借鉴。