京津冀及周边地区低碳经济发展水平评价

随着应对全球气候变化进程的不断推进,“低碳经济”已逐渐成为世界各国实现经济社会可持续发展的必由之路.京津冀及周边地区社会经济发展较不平衡,整体推进低碳经济发展存在较大的困难,为有效促进低碳经济发展的策略选择,本文通过构建低碳经济发展水平评价指标体系,对京津冀及周边地区的低碳经济发展状况进行评价.结果显示,京津冀及周边地区低碳经济发展水平差异较大：北京低碳经济水平相对较高,其他地区距离低碳经济发展水平尚有较大差距.由此,京津冀及周边地区应根据地区经济发展特点及其低碳经济发展状况,采取不同的低碳发展策略选择,以有效推进低碳经济发展模式的顺利转型.     

鲜水河断裂带炉霍7.9级地震地质灾害研究

鲜水河断裂带是中国西南地区一条现今活动强烈的大型左旋走滑断裂带,局部具挤压性质,具有规模大、活动性强、地震频度高、强度大且往复迁移等特点。鲜水河断裂带发生的地震,诱发了大量的地质灾害,尤其是1973年炉霍7.9级地震。在基于前人资料之上,结合现场调查,对炉霍7.9级地震诱发滑坡的类型、规模、分布规律、运动特征,地震滑坡与地层岩性、地形坡度的敏感性以及滑坡机理进行了分析研究,并与2008年汶川地震滑坡进行了对比分析,为今后该地区地震滑坡灾害的防治减灾提供必要的的借鉴和依据。     

突发性环境污染事故应急监测的措施分析

突发性环境污染事故会对环境造成较大的伤害,如果不能及时采取措施,就会使污染进一步扩大,不仅带来经济的损失,而且会破坏到生态的平衡。因此,要建立起突发环境污染事故的应急监测,这样才能尽可能的减少突发性环境污染事件的影响。基于此,本文从突发性环境污染事故的特征入手,首先分析其应急监测的意义,然后探究具体的措施,希望可以借此给突发性环境污染应急监测的相关研究提供一定的参考意见。     

紫外高级氧化工艺降解水溶液中的人工甜味剂

人工甜味剂（ASs）作为一类新兴污染物在世界范围内的各种水体中被广泛检出,本文选取具有代表性的糖精（SAC）作为研究对象,探讨了紫外/过氧化氢（UV/H₂O₂）和UV/过硫酸盐（PS）两种高级氧化工艺（AOPs）降解SAC的动力学、影响因素、矿化率、转化产物和降解机制.结果表明：单独的UV、PS和H₂O₂对SAC的去除效果有限（去除率<5%）,UV/H₂O₂和UV/PS工艺对SAC的去除效果良好（去除率>99%）且降解符合伪一阶动力学,速率分别为0.38 min^-1和0.09 min^-1.降低溶液pH值、增大PS浓度均可促进SAC降解;但随着H₂O₂浓度的升高,SAC降解效率先增加后减小.相比UV/PS工艺,UV/H₂O₂工艺降解SAC的矿化率更高（可达43%）.产物鉴定结果表明,两种UV-AOPs氧化降解SAC均会生成开环产物,表明反应会破坏SAC分子中的N—S结构.此外,UV/H₂O₂工艺更易生成羟基化产物,二聚体产物仅在UV/PS工艺中被检测到.     

强磁粉协同作用预处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了强磁粉(Fe3O4)与无机混凝剂Al2(SO4)3在垃圾渗滤液处理中的协同作用。结果表明:Fe3O4与Al2(SO4)3复合使用混凝效果优于单纯使用Al2(SO4)3的混凝效果。当Al2(SO4)32.0g/L,磁粉(Fe3O4)1.6g/L,搅拌强度150r/min,pH值3.0,沉降时间5min时,可使渗滤液的COD去除率达70%,混凝时的胶粒沉降速率明显加快。     

A novel online analyzer for accurate and rapid measurement of volatile fatty acids in anaerobic wastewater treatment

Volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are largely generated during the anaerobic acidification process, are considered to be reliable indicators of the stable process operation. However, the common methods for monitoring VFAs are offline, and they are typically manual requiring time-consuming, costly and complex instruments. This study aims to develop a novel online analyzer for automatic measuring VFAs, which was based on the 5-pH point titration, embedded with a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control system. The results show that it can achieve accurate and rapid monitoring of VFAs ranging between 0-400 mg/L (<9 min/sample) but simultaneously faces the problems of overtitration and interference of complex characteristics of wastewater. In order to improve its accuracy and stability, the effects of three general coefficients (K_I, K_P, and K_D) of PID on the titration were investigated, and the optimal values of K_I, K_P, and K_D were found to be 1.5, 1.0, and -1.0~0.5, respectively. Besides, the initial titration speed was set at 0.06 mL/min, equal to the minimum speed of the peristaltic pump, and the dichotomy approach was integrated into the PID feedback controller. Owing to the above improvements, the relative mean deviation and standard deviation of measuring VFAs in both synthetic and real wastewaters were mostly lower than 5.0% and 5.0 mg/L, proving the online analyzer is rapid, accurate and reliable.     

青霉素菌渣肥对土壤环境及萝卜品质的影响

青霉素菌渣具有较高的营养价值,菌渣肥料化技术将成为解决菌渣处置问题的重要手段.为了评估青霉素菌渣肥肥效,通过田间小区试验,采用6种不同施肥方式[① CK,不施肥;② CF,常规量化肥;③ MF,化肥与菌渣肥1:1混施(混合肥);④ PF1,常规量青霉素菌渣肥;⑤ PF2,2倍常规量青霉素菌渣肥;⑥ PF4,4倍常规量青霉素菌渣肥],考察菌渣肥对土壤环境及萝卜品质的影响.结果表明:青霉素菌渣肥的施入相对于不施肥处理可以提高土壤营养成分的含量,其中w(速效钾)和w(速效磷)在PF2处理下增加最多,w(速效钾)增加了23.7%,w(速效磷)增加了17.9%,之后是MF;在萝卜的整个生长期,土壤中微生物的含量与青霉素菌渣肥施加量呈正相关,在发芽期微生物数量最高;此外,在发芽期各处理方式相对于不施肥处理,均能提高蛋白酶和蔗糖酶的活性,随着青霉素菌渣肥施入量的增加,脲酶活性变化不明显,蔗糖酶活性逐渐增大.在萝卜品质方面,施加青霉素菌渣肥可提高萝卜的品质,如根质量最高提高了73.57%,w(维生素C)提高11.28%~148.20%,w(可溶性糖)提高12.00%~58.60%;施加菌渣肥也会增加萝卜中硝酸盐的含量,但过量施加菌渣肥会增加硝酸盐含量,存在一定的风险.      

考虑震后道路抢修的多目标应急调度模型∗

为保证救援物资及时、合理地配送至受灾区,将道路抢修情况纳入应急调度优化问题中,引出可变路网结构的概念,基于此情形,考虑受损路段抢修及抢修时间,对车辆运输时间进行修正;以平均车辆运输时间和系统物资未满足度最小化为目标,建立基于灾害抢修的应急调度优化模型;结合改进的最短路Dijkstra算法,设计第二代非支配排序遗传算法（NSGA?II）进行求解。最后以“九寨沟地震”作为算例,与传统模型方案进行比较,验证模型和算法的有效性,为决策者制定应急调度方案和实施提供依据和支持。     

Degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton methods.

This study describes the degradation of nitrogen-heterocyclic compounds (NHCs) by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton. Using indole as a model nitrogen-heterocyclic compound, the removal of indole reached 68% and 97% by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton, respectively, while the decay of TOC was 15% and 38% correspondingly. By the analysis of ultraviolet-visible spectra and liquid chromatography/mass spectrum, the degradation mechanism of indole by electro-Fenton was proposed as hydroxyl oxidation and anodic oxidation. The degradation of other NHCs including quinoline, isoquinoline and pyridine by anodic oxidation and electro-Fenton revealed the same sequence: quinoline approximately equal isoquinoline > indole > pyridine. A significant correlation between ln k (natural logarithm of rate constants) and E(LUMO) (the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbit) was obtained by quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis. Degradation of coking plant wastewater showed the removal of COD and TOC were 42% and 22% respectively after 180 min treatment by electro-Fenton.     

壳聚糖复合吸附剂对油的吸附性能

以天然可生物降解的壳聚糖和硬脂酸为原料,通过壳聚糖2位氨基与硬脂酸的羧基相互作用,引入疏水烷基链,制备了疏水的壳聚糖-硬脂酸复合吸附剂(简称复合吸附剂),采用傅立叶红外光谱、X射线衍射对复合吸附剂的结构进行表征,并考察了复合吸附剂对油的回收性能.实验结果表明:壳聚糖和硬脂酸以离子形式结合得到复合吸附剂;当硬脂酸与壳聚糖质量比为0.7时,硬脂酸的结合量最大;复合吸附剂对油的吸附量、保油率、脱附率的顺序分别为花生油(14.93 g/g)>甲基硅油(10.71 g/g)>液体石蜡(9.37 g/g),花生油(94.51%)>液体石蜡(90.74%)>甲基硅油(78.69%),花生油(95.62%)>液体石蜡(93.27%)>甲基硅油(90.73%).