Leaching variations of heavy metals in chelator-assisted phytoextraction by Zea mays L. exposed to acid rainfall

Chelant-enhanced phytoextraction method has been put forward as an effective soil remediation method, whereas the heavy metal leaching could not be ignored. In this study, a cropping-leaching experiment, using soil columns, was applied to study the metal leaching variations during assisted phytoextraction of Cd- and Pb-polluted soils, using seedlings of Zea mays, applying three different chelators (EDTA, EDDS, and rhamnolipid), and artificial rainfall (acid rainfall or normal rainfall). It showed that artificial rainfall, especially artificial acid rain, after chelator application led to the increase of heavy metals in the leaching solution. EDTA increased both Cd and Pb concentrations in the leaching solution, obviously, whereas EDDS and rhamnolipid increased Cd concentration but not Pb. The amount of Cd and Pb decreased as the leaching solution increased, the patterns as well matched LRMs (linear regression models), with R-square (R ²) higher than 90 and 82% for Cd and Pb, respectively. The maximum cumulative Cd and Pb in the leaching solutions were 18.44 and 16.68%, respectively, which was amended by EDTA and acid rainwater (pH 4.5), and followed by EDDS (pH 4.5), EDDS (pH 6.5), rhamnolipid (0.5 g kg⁻¹ soil, pH 4.5), and rhamnolipid (pH 6.5).

     

基于CMAQ模式的自适应“nudging”源反演方法的中国主要污染区排放特征分析

中国中东部地区的空气污染主要集中在京津冀、长三角、珠三角、东北地区及汾渭平原等区域，各区域的污染排放特征各异.本文应用基于CMAQ（The Community Multiscale Air Quality）模式的自适应"nudging"源反演方法，反演中国中东部地区2016年12月—2017年1月逐日NO_x污染源，分析上述主要污染区的污染物排放强度空间分布特征，并与2016年MEIC（The Multi-resolution emission inventory for China）排放源进行比较，检验反演源的可靠性.结果表明，2016年冬季各个区域反演源NO_x排放强度空间分布特征与2016年MEIC排放源基本一致.京津冀地区高强度排放区域形成沿山前区域东北-西南走向的NO_x高强度排放带；长三角地区NO_x高强度排放区域位于常州、苏州、上海和湖州等城市构成的城市群；珠三角地区NO_x高强度排放区域位于以广州为中心的大范围城市群且排放强度呈现向四周逐渐降低的放射状分布；东北地区NO_x高强度排放区域空间分布特征呈现以城市为中心且稀疏分布；汾渭平原排放区域呈现以城市为中心且向峡谷中间集中分布，排放区域轮廓与汾渭平原狭长的新月状相符.