2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin promotes migration ability of primary cultured rat astrocytes via aryl hydrocarbon receptor

Emerging evidence showed that 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could induce expression of certain reactivation-associated genes in astrocytes, however, the consequent cellular effects and molecular mechanisms are still unclear. During the process of astrocyte reactivation, migration is a critical cellular event. In the present study, we employed wound-healing assay and Transwell® motility assay to explore the effects of TCDD on cell migration in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes. We found that upon TCDD treatments at relative low concentrations (10^? 10 and/or 10^? 9?mol/L), the ability of primary astrocytes to migrate horizontally and vertically was promoted. In line with this cellular effect, the mRNA expression of two pro-migratory genes, including cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) and matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) was induced by TCDD treatment. Dioxin exerts its toxic effects mainly through aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway. So the role of AhR pathway in the pro-migratory effects of TCDD was examined using an AhR antagonist, CH223191. We found that application of CH223191 significantly reversed the pro-migratory effects of TCDD. Interestingly, the basal ability of horizontal migration as well as basal levels of CDC42 and MMP2 expression were dramatically reduced suggesting a possible physiological role of AhR in maintaining the endogenous migration ability of the primary astrocytes. These findings support the notion that dioxin promotes astrocyte reactivation at molecular and cellular levels.     

基于两步优劣解距离法的地下水污染监测网优化

地下水污染监测网的优化能让监测网以合理监测成本获取精确的地下水水质信息.为兼顾监测网空间特征与统计特征,综合考虑区域地下水水质状况和水文地质状况,提出了两步优劣解距离法优化监测网.首先以地下水典型污染物加权综合污染指数和防污性能指数为指标,采用优劣解距离法对现有监测网各监测井评分,并筛选得到不同监测井数量条件下的备选优...     

Effects of sepiolite and biochar on microbial diversity in acid red soil from southern China

Sepiolite and biochar can immobilize heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil effectively, but their impact on the soil microbial community and diversity is still unclear. High-throughput Illumina MiSeq method was used to study the effects of sepiolite and biochar on the diversity of microbial communities in acid red soil amended with cadmium and atrazine. A total of 47,472 microbiological Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) were found in all the treated soil samples. Sepiolite and biochar enriched the diversity of soil microbes at different classification levels and OTUs, but the effect of biochar was stronger than that of sepiolite. A Venn diagram showed that compared with other treatments, adding 2% biochar could promote the growth of specific microbes, which is better than the case for 5% biochar. The heat map of species abundance cluster showed that the dominant microbes in soil were different for different treatment doses of sepiolite and biochar. Among all the soil treatments, the top ten dominant bacterial phyla (from high to low dominance) were: Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Chloroflexi, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria­, and Verrucomicrobia. The addition of sepiolite and biochar promoted the restoration of the microbial community diversity in contaminated soil.     

含油污泥处理方法探讨

概述了国家环保部门对含油污泥危害性及其监管工作的相关规定,分析了原油开采和加工过程中产生的含油污泥的组成,介绍了沉降浓缩和机械脱水等含油污泥预脱水技术的处理效果,阐述了浮渣焦化处理工艺、含油污泥热萃取处理技术和烟道气作为热源的剩余活性污泥干燥技术的工艺流程、处理效果及存在的问题.     

生物预处理/常规与常规工艺处理西江原水的对比

采用生物预处理／常规与常规工艺处理西江微污染原水,对主要污染物的去除效果工艺进行了比较。结果表明,生物预处理／常规工艺对COD_Mn、氨氮的平均去除率达48.9%、62.3%,比常规工艺提高了18.9%、28.4%。2种工艺对浊度的去除率相当,皆为95％左右。生物预处理采用高速给水曝气生物滤池工艺,反冲洗采用气水联合方式,48 h过滤水头损失＜2 kPa,冲洗前后过滤水头损失变化量均值＜0.4 kPa。     

不同类型生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除

诺氟沙星作为一种抗生素广泛应用于人类日常生活,并大量进入水体环境,给水环境质量和生态系统安全带来隐患。研究了由3种不同填料组成的水平流和复合垂直流生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除效果,结果表明,在水力负荷为0．1m^3／（m^2·d）、进水诺氟沙星浓度为392．11—686．17μg／L（平均浓度为500．97μg／L）条件下,复合垂直流滤床对诺氟沙星去除效果普遍好于水平潜流滤床,以沸石为填料的复合垂直流生物活性滤床对诺氟沙星的去除效果最好,平均去除率为80．61％,说明选择合适填料和合适类型的生物活性滤床可以作为去除诺氟沙星的一种有效方法。     

剩余污泥与餐厨垃圾协同厌氧发酵实现电能需求导向的沼气供应情景分析与仿真研究

探讨了将德国电能需求导向沼气供应模式应用于中国污水厂的剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾协同厌氧发酵系统,以实现根据污水厂电能需求即时调控沼气输出,从而提高沼气利用效率的目的.首先综述了电能需求导向的沼气供应模式在国内外的研究进展,在此基础上提出了一种新型的电能需求导向沼气供应模式实现情景,并利用系统动力学模型模拟了沼气生产及发电系统在此情景下的运行,通过系统的净现值作为观测指标与传统的实现情景进行对比以验证其经济性优势.最后,选取我国某污水厂为典型案例验证了本研究所提出模型,并总结了本研究的不足,为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

5氟尿嘧啶对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻生长及叶绿素含量的影响

近年来,抗癌药的环境污染特征及其生态风险引起了广泛关注。为获取典型抗癌药5氟尿嘧啶的基础生态毒性数据,以蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和羊角月芽藻(Selenastrum capricornutum)为受试生物,考察了5氟尿嘧啶对2种绿藻的生长和叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,5氟尿嘧啶对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻的生长具有抑制作用,随着暴露浓度升高,细胞生长抑制率增强。5氟尿嘧啶对2种绿藻的96 h半数抑制浓度(EC50)分别为450.36 mg·L~(-1)和692.30 mg·L~(-1),属于低毒性物质。暴露96 h后,低浓度5氟尿嘧啶(32 mg·L~(-1))对蛋白核小球藻和羊角月芽藻叶绿素含量有一定的促进作用,高浓度5氟尿嘧啶(32~500 mg·L~(-1))则抑制了2种绿藻的叶绿素含量,且两者具有明显的负相关关系。和叶绿素b相比,叶绿素a对5氟尿嘧啶胁迫更为敏感。     

城区内涝条件下城市公交-地铁双层交通网络的脆弱性分析

为提高城市公共交通应对内涝的能力,利用复杂网络理论的Space-L方法构建了武汉市中心城区的地铁、公交无向加权网络,并在此基础上运用ArcGIS软件构建了不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络,确定了连边的权重和节点的重要度,计算了静态下地铁网络、公交网络和不同耦合半径的公交-地铁双层交通网络的介数、平均路径长度和聚类系数等复杂网络特性指标;针对内涝导致的单一站点失效和多站点失效情况,以最大联通子图比例、网络连通率和网络效率为指标进行了故障模拟,分析了节点故障与连边故障对城市公交-地铁双层交通网络脆弱性的影响。结果表明:城市公交-地铁双层交通网络的最大联通子图比例、网络连通率和网络效率3项指标在攻击下的下降程度和下降速率都低于单一地铁网络和公交网络,城市公交-地铁双层交通网络的抗毁性能高于单一交通网络;对比节点故障与连边故障发现,节点故障下网络的脆弱性更大。     

磁性氮掺杂碳材料活化过硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

采用一步水热碳化法制备出微米级磁性氮掺杂碳材料（Magnetic N-doped Carbonaceous Materials,MNC）作为过硫酸盐（Persulfate,PDS）活化剂,以生成的活性氧化物质降解偶氮类染料酸性橙7（Acid Orange 7,AO7）.同时,利用扫描电镜（SEM）、比表面积与孔径测定仪（BET）、振动样品磁强计（VSM）等对MNC进行表征,考察了MNC投加量、PDS浓度、初始p H值和无机阴离子对活化PDS降解AO7的影响,并采用紫外-可见光谱分析、淬灭实验和电子顺磁性共振（Electron Paramagnetic Resonance,EPR）初步探讨了AO7的降解机理.结果表明,MNC呈微米级球状,表面富含含氧基团和氨基等活性点位;饱和磁化强度为12.7 emu·g^-1,能在外加磁场条件下实现固液分离.AO7去除率随MNC投加量、PDS浓度的增加而增加,但初始p H对AO7降解的影响呈相反规律,随p H升高而降低.3种无机阴离子对AO7降解抑制程度大小顺序为HCO₃^->SO