半干法脱除球团烟气中的SO2及Hg0

采用钙基吸收剂及复合氧化剂半干法脱除模拟球团烟气中的SO_2及Hg~0,考察了多因素条件对吸收效果的影响。实验结果表明,在以NaClO和NaClO_2为复合氧化剂、 NaClO与NaClO_2体积比1∶0.5、复合氧化剂质量分数3%、反应温度110℃、钙基吸收剂质量3.0 g、模拟烟气进气流量1.2 L/min的条件下,SO_2和Hg~0的脱除率分别为98%和93%,证明钙基吸收剂与复合氧化剂对污染物球团烟气中的SO_2和Hg~0有良好的脱除作用。     

Characterization of a novel marine aerobic denitrifier Vibrio spp. AD2 for efficient nitrate reduction without nitrite accumulation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Aerobic denitrifiers have the potential to reduce nitrate in polluted water under aerobic conditions. A salt-tolerant aerobic denitrifier was newly...     

汉江蜀河水电站库水位对岸坡稳定性的影响分析

汉江蜀河水电站属于Ⅱ等大(2)型水电站,水库的建成、运行可能对岸坡的稳定性造成一定的影响,尤其是水库蓄水后的库水位变化及与库水位变化相关的参数,对岸坡的稳定影响极大,因此弄清楚库水位变化与其相关的参数对岸坡稳定性的影响,是汉江蜀河水电站成功运营必须解决的问题之一。以地质背景为基础,结合具体坡段的岩性、结构特征等,从水库水位公式的建立,到在不同库水位的条件下,运用数值模拟对岸坡稳定性系数和相关参数的变化进行了分析评价。     

丰枯水期鄱阳湖表层水中羟基自由基浓度及其抗生素净化作用研究

鄱阳湖位于我国农业大省江西省,表层湖水中羟基自由基(HO·)引发的水体光化学反应,可能对流域内的农业污染物—抗生素具有潜在的净化作用.因此,本研究以氙灯模拟太阳光测得鄱阳湖及周边河流羟基自由基表观光量子产率(ΦHO·),在丰水期为(0.57~10.33)×10~(-5),枯水期为(0.45~3.52)×10~(-5).丰水期溶解态有机物(DOM)对HO·形成的贡献率为85.8%~98.7%,枯水期为58.5%~97.6%,表明DOM是HO·形成的主导物质.可能由于水体混合均匀,丰水期除抚河水体可能有其特殊的化学组成外,其它湖泊与河流的水化学组成接近,表现出随溶解态有机碳含量升高,ΦHO·呈先增大后减小的现象.枯水期水体各化学组成含量显著高于丰水期,光屏蔽与淬灭可能起主要作用,只有当NO_2~-含量较高时才显示出对HO·形成的贡献.依据太阳光强可得鄱阳湖丰水期及枯水期表层水HO·的稳态浓度分别为9.51×10~(-16)与4.92×10~(-17)mol·L~(-1),湖水中5种抗生素在HO·作用下的半衰期分别为2.3~13.9 d与44.5~268.7 d,丰水期鄱阳湖表现出更高的光化学净化能力.     

底泥与衰亡植物营养释放及细菌群落演替差异的比较分析

为揭示两种"湖泛"因素对水质影响及细菌群落演替差异,对泸沽湖草海底泥和衰亡植物营养释放过程进行对比研究,并通过冗余分析阐明影响细菌群落不同阶段变化的主要环境因子.结果表明,前期是衰亡植物与底泥营养释放及细菌演替差异显著的主要阶段.植物腐解过程中,细菌前期厌氧发酵更剧烈,水体迅速处于低pH、低DO和低ORP(Oxidat...     

Occurrence of pharmaceuticals in a municipal wastewater treatment plant: mass balance and removal processes

Occurrence and removal efficiencies of fifteen pharmaceuticals were investigated in a conventional municipal wastewater treatment plant in Michigan. Concentrations of these pharmaceuticals were determined in both wastewater and sludge phases by a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Detailed mass balance analysis was conducted during the whole treatment process to evaluate the contributing processes for pharmaceutical removal. Among the pharmaceuticals studied, demeclocycline, sulfamerazine, erythromycin and tylosin were not detected in the wastewater treatment plant influent. Other target pharmaceuticals detected in wastewater were also found in the corresponding sludge phase. The removal efficiencies of chlortetracycline, tetracycline, sulfamerazine, acetaminophen and caffeine were >99%, while doxycycline, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and lincomycin exhibited relatively lower removal efficiencies (e.g., <50%). For sulfamethoxazole, the removal efficiency was approximately 90%. Carbamazepine manifested a net increase of mass, i.e. 41% more than the input from the influent. Based on the mass balance analysis, biotransformation is believed to be the predominant process responsible for the removal of pharmaceuticals (22% to 99%), whereas contribution of sorption to sludge was relatively insignificant (7%) for the investigated pharmaceuticals.     

水动力与表面活性剂协同作用对双酚A在沉积物上吸附的影响

选择太湖梅梁湾的表层沉积物作为实验对象,研究了水动力与表面活性剂协同作用下,双酚A吸附行为的变化特征.结果表明,当CTMAB(十六烷基三甲基溴化铵)浓度在1.0倍临界胶束浓度(CMC)以下时,切应力的改变对双酚A在沉积物上的吸附量基本无影响;其吸附量随CTMAB浓度的增大而增大,0.1倍CMC、0.5倍CMC和1.0倍CMC的CTMAB条件下,双酚A的吸附量较0 CMC分别增大了0.18倍、0.54倍和0.62倍;相对于Freundich模型,其吸附等温线更符合线性模型.当CTMAB浓度高于CMC时,双酚A在沉积物上的吸附量和吸附平衡时间均随切应力的增加而减小,在切应力和低浓度CTMAB共同作用时,以切应力促进吸附平衡作用为主;而当切应力和高浓度CTMAB共同作用时,以CTMAB的作用为主.水动力和CTMAB共同作用下的双酚A的吸附过程满足准二级吸附动力学方程.     

臭氧氧化降解苯胺黑药模拟废水

苯胺黑药(学名:二苯胺基二硫代磷酸)是一种良好的有色金属硫化矿浮选捕收剂,属于典型的难降解有机污染物。为研究臭氧氧化苯胺黑药的条件和氧化反应的动力学,选用臭氧作为氧化剂,对苯胺黑药浓度和模拟废水的COD进行测定。结果表明,用5 g/h的臭氧氧化20 min后,初始浓度50、75和150 mg/L的苯胺黑药模拟废水的COD去除率分别为56%、59%和76%,苯胺黑药浓度的去除率分别达到100%、99%和88%,反应后废水p H变为强酸性(4)。对应的氧化反应动力学表观一级速率常数k为-0.372 s-1、-0.331 s-1和-0.259 s-1;R2为0.9926、0.9949和0.9903。探讨了臭氧氧化苯胺黑药前后p H变化的机理。     

Interactions of fluoroquinolone antibiotics with sodium hypochlorite in bromide-containing synthetic water: Reaction kinetics and transformation pathways

Seven popular fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in synthetic marine aquaculture water were subject to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection scenario to investigate their reaction kinetics and transformation during chlorination. Reactivity of each FQ to NaClO was following the order of ofloxacin (OFL) > enrofloxacin (ENR) > lomefloxacin (LOM) > ciprofloxacin (CIP) ~ norfloxacin (NOR) >> pipemedic acid (PIP), while flumequine did not exhibit reactivity. The coexisting chlorine ions and sulfate ions in the water slightly facilitated the oxidation of FQs by NaClO, while humic acid was inhibitable to their degradation. The bromide ions promoted degradation of CIP and LOM, but restrained oxidation of OFL and ENR. By analysis of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), eight kinds of emerging brominated disinfection byproducts (Br-DBPs) caused by FQ_S were primarily identified in the chlorinated synthetic marine culture water. Through density functional theory calculation, the highest-occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest-unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) characteristic as well as the charge distribution of the FQs were obtained to clarify transformation mechanisms. Their formation involved decarboxylation, ring-opening/closure, dealkylation and halogenation. Chlorine substitution occurred on the ortho-position of FQs's N4 and bromine substitution occurred on C8 position. The piperazine ring containing tertiary amine was comparatively stable, while this moiety with a secondary amine structure would break down during chlorination. Additionally, logK_ow and logBAF of transformation products were calculated by EPI-Suite^TM to analyze their bioaccumulation. The values indicated that Br-DBPs are easier to accumulate in the aquatic organism relative to their chloro-analogues and parent compounds.     

便携式气相色谱/质谱联用快速测定固定污染源废气中的挥发性卤代烃研究

建立了便携式GC-MS快速测定固定污染源废气中挥发性卤代烃方法,26种卤代烃内标定量工作曲线的相关系数r≥0.985,线性关系良好;精密度好,相对标准偏差2.33%～18.1%;准确度高,加标回收率为101%～134%;方法检出限为0.002 ppm～0.016 ppm.在实际现场监测固定污染源中挥发性卤代烃时,使用便携式GC-MS的速查(Survey)功能初步判断样品浓度,确定稀释倍数,并验证了气袋和玻璃注射器采样对挥发性卤代烃测定结果无显著性差异.