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Jiajun Liu Long Wang Yun Zhu Che-Jen Lin Carey Jang Shuxiao Wang Jia Xing Bin Yu Hui Xu Yuzhou Pan 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(1):2
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The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was calibrated for hydrology conditions in an agricultural watershed of Orestimba Creek, California, and applied to simulate fate and transport of two organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos and diazinon. The model showed capability in evaluating pesticide fate and transport processes in agricultural fields and instream network. Management-oriented sensitivity analysis was conducted by applied stochastic SWAT simulations for pesticide distribution. Results of sensitivity analysis identified the governing processes in pesticide outputs as surface runoff, soil erosion, and sedimentation in the study area. By incorporating sensitive parameters in pesticide transport simulation, effects of structural best management practices (BMPs) in improving surface water quality were demonstrated by SWAT modeling. This study also recommends conservation practices designed to reduce field yield and in-stream transport capacity of sediment, such as filter strip, grassed waterway, crop residue management, and tailwater pond to be implemented in the Orestimba Creek watershed. 相似文献
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海榄雌瘤斑螟的生物学特性及Bt对其幼虫的毒力和防效 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
海榄雌瘤斑螟(Acrobasis sp.)是危害马鞭草科澳洲海榄雌(Avicennia marina var.austrasica)的主要害虫.在深圳红树林一年发生6~7代,每个世代25~32d,其中幼虫历期13~16d,蛹5~6d,成虫7~10d,卵3~5d.幼虫剥食海榄雌的叶肉,8月低龄幼虫蛀食嫩芽及种子,10月低龄幼虫开始在嫩芽内越冬,翌年3月上中旬,越冬幼虫开始活动.每年4月下旬至6月中旬爆发的第2代和第3代密度较大,造成海榄雌大面积危害.在室内,用Bt感染2龄海榄雌瘤斑螟,致死浓度(C)-死亡几率值(Y)测定的回归线为Y=4.66 1.78C,80%的致死浓度LC80为4.60IU/mL;致死时间(T)-死亡几率值(Y)测定的回归线为Y=4.305T-1.51,80%的致死时间LT80为50.86h.在林间,用8~10IU/mL的Bt稀释液喷雾对海榄雌瘤斑螟进行防治实验,平均防效为90.61%.图3表5参8 相似文献
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Yuzhou Deng Shengpan Peng Haidi Liu Shuangde Li Yunfa Chen 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2019,13(2):21
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混凝土桥梁温度场设计参数是影响桥梁施工误差的主要因素之一,施工过程中对其进行有效的识别直接关系到混凝土桥梁的结构安全。目前我国尚缺少各季节、各地区的混凝土桥梁温度场监测资料。为了分析冬季施工过程中混凝土桥梁的温度场分布,对榆林地区某斜拉桥进行了箱梁室内外温度和温度效应监测,根据热传导理论,建立了数值模型,采用瞬态热分析方法,得出了该地区冬季理论温度场。通过与箱梁相应温度测量值的比较,基于MATLAB平台,对82组数据进行了指数拟合,得出了适用于榆林地区冬季混凝土桥梁的温度场分布图。 相似文献
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Luo Y Zhang X Liu X Ficklin D Zhang M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):1171-1181
The hydrology, sediment, and pesticide transport components of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) were evaluated on the northern San Joaquin Valley watershed of California. The Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients for monthly stream flow and sediment load ranged from 0.49 to 0.99 over the watershed during the study period of 1992-2005. The calibrated SWAT model was applied to simulate fate and transport processes of two organophosphate pesticides of diazinon and chlorpyrifos at watershed scale. The model generated satisfactory predictions of dissolved pesticide loads relative to the monitoring data. The model also showed great success in capturing spatial patterns of dissolved diazinon and chlorpyrifos loads according to the soil properties and landscape morphology over the large agricultural watershed. This study indicated that curve number was the major factor influencing the hydrology while pesticide fate and transport were mainly affected by surface runoff and pesticide application and in the study area. 相似文献
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Xiang Yujia Zhou Yuzhou Yao Bin Sun Yuqing Khan Eakalak Li Wei Zeng Guihua Yang Jian Zhou Yaoyu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2023,30(4):8916-8927
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Highly efficient and cost-effective adsorbents for antibiotic removal are the key to mitigate pollution by industrial wastewaters. Pyrolyzing low-cost... 相似文献
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A geo-referenced environmental fate model was developed for analyzing unsteady-state dispersion and distribution of chemicals in multimedia environmental systems. Chemical transport processes were formulated in seven environmental compartments of air, canopy, surface soil, root-zone soil, vadose-zone soil, surface water, and sediment. The model assumed that the compartments were completely mixed and chemical equilibrium was established instantaneously between the sub-compartments within each compartment. A fugacity approach was utilized to formulate the mechanisms of diffusion, advection, physical interfacial transport, and transformation reactions. The governing equations of chemical mass balances in the environmental compartments were solved simultaneously to reflect the interactions between the compartments. A geographic information system (GIS) database and geospatial analysis were integrated into the chemical transport simulation to provide spatially explicit estimations of model parameters at watershed scale. Temporal variations of the environmental properties and source emissions were also considered in the parameter estimations. The outputs of the model included time-dependent chemical concentrations in each compartment and its sub-compartments, and inter-media mass fluxes between adjacent compartments at daily time steps. 相似文献
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利用啤酒废水培养极大螺旋藻(Spirulina maxima)。研究了初始COD、DO、氮磷元素等培养条件对藻生物量(每mL培养液中极大螺旋藻的质量,以干重计)及废水水质的影响。实验结果表明:将废水稀释至COD=700 mg/L,控制DO=2.5 mg/L,并添加氮磷元素使废水的碳氮磷质量比为225∶15∶1,培养3 d,极大螺旋藻的藻生物量可达175.55 mg/L,即每吨啤酒废水可生产极大螺旋藻175.55 g;废水中COD,TN,NH3-N,NO3-,TP的去除率分别达到85.43%,94.54%,74.66%,94.53%,61.54%。利用啤酒废水培养螺旋藻在收获极大螺旋藻生物质的同时,还能对废水起到一定程度的净化作用。 相似文献