Growth performance and proximate profile of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. (cucurbitaceae) grown in crude oil‒contaminated soil

In this study, the growth performance and nutritional quality of Telfairia occidentalis planted in soil polluted with varied levels of water‐soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil (Bonny light) were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of organic nutrients (poultry manure and sawdust) in the phytore mediation of WSF‐contaminated soil. The results showed that WSF application delayed germination of vegetables. However, treatment of soils with organic nutrients enhanced the germination rate of vegetables, promoted greenish coloration of leafs and increased the levels of energy‐yielding macronutrients (carbohydrate, lipid, and protein). Also, soils supplemented with poultry manure gave the highest caloric values for all the percentages of WSF studied, followed by sawdust. Our findings suggest that the adverse effects of WSF on soil could be remediated through organic nutrient supplementation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

富里酸对重金属在沉积物上吸附及形态分布的影响

以连续碱提取法获得的乌梁素海沉积物中的富里酸为基础,以原状沉积物和去除有机质沉积物为吸附剂,开展了富里酸对重金属在沉积物上吸附行为和形态分布的影响实验研究.结果表明,有机质的去除和富里酸的添加对沉积物吸附重金属均有一定影响;未添加富里酸条件下,有机质的去除对Cu~(2+)影响最大,可导致沉积物对Cu~(2+)的吸附率下降17.85%;随富里酸添加量的增加,2种沉积物对重金属离子的吸附率均逐渐降低,下降速率表现为Cu~(2+)?Cd~(2+)Zn~(2+)Pb~(2+);当富里酸添加量超过5%时,富里酸逐渐成为影响重金属离子吸附率下降的主导因素;随富里酸添加量的增加,原状沉积物和去除有机质沉积物中重金属的形态分布均有明显变化,添加富里酸增加了体系中H~+的浓度,H~+能够置换碳酸盐结合态金属,使碳酸盐结合态金属从沉积物中释放出来,从而导致重金属的碳酸盐结合态与富里酸添加量呈显著负相关,重金属的有机硫化物结合态含量与富里酸添加量呈显著正相关,Cd因亲有机性较弱,其有机硫化物结合态的含量最低且变化幅度最小.     

40.5kV真空灭弧室内部电场强度分布的仿真分析

40.5 kV/2.5 kA/63 kA真空灭弧室作为363 kV/5 kA/63 kA快速断路器串联模块的子单元,研究其内部电场强度分布以确保其绝缘性能,对于整套快速断路器装置的安全可靠运行尤为重要。根据实际参数搭建了40.5 kV真空灭弧室的基本模型,利用Ansoft 有限元计算仿真软件搭建了40.5 kV真空灭弧室的仿真模型,进行了电场强度分布的仿真计算,得到了灭弧室中的动触头台阶倒角区域、动触头倒角区域、静触头台阶倒角区域、静触头倒角区域的电场强度最大,最有可能发生击穿的结论。提出了通过改变台阶倒角和触头倒角以改善电场分布进行优化设计的建议,并利用Ansoft 仿真软件进行改变台阶倒角值和触头倒角值后的仿真计算,得到了触头台阶处倒角取值2mm、动静触头倒角2mm或3mm的设计较优,只设置1个触头片时触头倒角取值3 mm设计较优。     

山西关帝山神尾沟植物群落物种多样性与环境关系的研究I．丰富度、均匀度和物种多样性指数

以89个植物群落调查样地数据为基础，运用8个多样性指数对山西关帝山神尾沟物种多样性与环境之间的关系进行了分析.（1）群落总的表现为多样性和均匀度随海拔升高而下降，丰富度从1700m下降到2400m后开始升高；（2）群落不同层次表现为乔木层和灌木层多样性、丰富度和均匀度随海拔升高而下降，草本多样性和均匀度表现为上升趋势，丰富度下降到1900m后开始上升；（3）乔灌草三者多样性和丰富度指数值以及变化幅度都表现为草本层>灌木层>乔木层，三者均匀度相差不大；（4）群落不同坡向表现为阳坡多样性和丰富度都大于阴坡，均匀度相差不大.图6参7     

Inorganic Ion Levels of Soils and Streams in some Areas of Ogoniland, Nigeria as Affected by Crude Oil Spillage

The inorganic ion concentrations of soils and streams in the three locations (Yorla, Zaakpon and Goi) in Ogoniland,Nigeria affected by crude oil spillage were investigated. In general, inorganic ion concentrations of polluted soilsand streams varied significantly (p = 0.05) from those of unpolluted soils and streams. Anions such as nitrate (NO ₃ ^- ), sulphate (SO ₄ ^2- ) and chloride(Cl^-) showed significantly (p = 0.05) higher values inthe polluted soils and steams than in the unpolluted controls. The phosphate (PO ₄ ^3- ) values were lowerin the polluted soils and streams than in the unpolluted controls.PO ₄ ^3- , NO ₃ ^- , SO ₄ ^2- and Cl^- concentrations were generally significantly (p = 0.05) higher in soils and streams from Yorla, Zaakpon and their control than in Goi North, Goi South and Goi control.Exchangeable cations and trace metal concentrations weresignificantly (p = 0.05) higher in the polluted soils andstreams than in the unpolluted controls. Yorla and Zaakponpolluted soils and streams had higher concentrations of theexchangeable cations and trace metals compared to valuesfrom Goi, except for Na. Results also showed significantlyhigher values of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr and Ni) in the polluted soils compared to their controls, and values werealso significantly (p = 0.05) higher in Yorla, Zaakpon andtheir control compared to Goi North, Goi South and Goicontrol. Values obtained in polluted streams were higherthan in the unpolluted though not significant at the 5%level (p = 0.05). The anionic and cationic concentrationsof Yorla and Zaakpon soils and streams were generally higherthan those of Goi, indicating that Yorla and Zaakpon areaswere more polluted than Goi.Although the concentrations of most of the anions andcations analysed in the polluted soils and streams werewithin the World Health Organisation's permissible valuesfor the protection of humans and environment, the streams ofYorla, Zaakpon and Goi are in general being polluted withinorganic ions. This may make these soils and streamsunacceptable for domestic and industrial uses if not treated,and soils (farmlands) may also become unsuitable for agricultural purposes.