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Huber Nica Hergert Rico Price Bronwyn Zäch Christian Hersperger Anna M. Pütz Marco Kienast Felix Bolliger Janine 《Regional Environmental Change》2017,17(4):1241-1255
Regional Environmental Change - Replacement of conventional energy sources with renewables such as solar panels and wind turbines requires adequate land. Impact assessments should be conducted to... 相似文献
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Factors influencing the acceptance of nature conservation measures--a qualitative study in Switzerland 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Landscapes fulfil a multitude of ecological and social functions. Due to the fact that both traditional and everyday landscapes today face many different threats, regulatory measures have been undertaken in many countries to protect and further sustainable landscape development. They include legislation as well as economic incentives. In recent years, however, it has become clear that just to have a few laws and to spend money on subsidies is not enough. Factors other than legislation are also essential to further the sustainable development of landscapes. One of the basic factors affecting the success or failure of landscape conservation measures is public acceptance of these measures. Our project took this as its starting point. The objective was to determine which conditions and factors influence acceptance positively or negatively. To this end 22 Swiss who are directly affected by nature conservation measures, in particular by mire landscape and dry meadow conservation measures, were interviewed using qualitative interview techniques. It is shown that perception, communication, and possibilities to participate are the most decisive driving factors influencing the formation of a long-lasting acceptance. Furthermore, acceptance may be based mainly on economic criteria, on usefulness, on ecological or even aesthetic aspects. It can be shown that not all of these motivations lead to a long-lasting acceptance. Ecologically based acceptance seems the most promising because it is founded on general convictions. Economic incentives--though important--seem to generate only superficial acceptance and do not seem to be as important as is usually assumed. 相似文献
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Sophie C. Rudolf Felix Kienast Anna M. Hersperger 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2018,61(3):474-492
Urban growth is a key issue for spatial planning as it influences urban patterns and disrupts open landscapes. To effectively steer urban growth towards compact urban forms, many growth-management policies have been developed over recent decades. However, few studies have assessed how municipal policy mixes have evolved over time. In our representative Swiss-wide survey, we evaluated the prevalence and the time of introduction of 18 policies. Our results indicate that large municipalities use a broad range of reinforcing policies over decades. In contrast, small municipalities mostly rely on conventional land-use regulations. The lack of innovative, incentive-based policies casts doubt on small municipalities' ability to effectively manage urban growth. However, our analyses reveal recent efforts by small municipalities to diversify approaches to growth management and adopt innovative policies. These efforts should be supported by guiding small municipalities in their policy choices, and providing support to those lacking planning capacity. 相似文献
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Evidence of response of vegetation to environmental change on high-elevation sites in the Swiss Alps 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Climate change has in the past led to shifts in vegetation patterns; in a future, warmer climate due to enhanced greenhouse-gas
concentrations, vegetation is also likely to be highly responsive to such warming. Mountain regions are considered to be particularly
sensitive to such changes. In this paper we present an approach to assess the impact of climate change on long-term vegetation
plots at the high-elevation site of the Schynige Platte, 2000 m above sea level, in the Bernese Alps (Switzerland). Records
of vegetation spanning the period from 1928 to today at two different sites, each with several plots, were considered. The
observed change in the species composition was then related to changes in land use and climate. We used daily values of temperature,
snow and precipitation from several high-elevation weather stations to conduct these analyses. The correlation between climate
and vegetation patterns revealed that species that prefer low thermal conditions move out of the plots, i.e., their frequency
of occurrence is negatively correlated with the average number of degree-days over the last six decades. On the other hand,
species with higher thermal demands are seen to be invading the plots, i.e., their frequency of occurrence is positively correlated
to the average number of degree-days. Nutrient changes – though independent from climate – also play an important role in
the observed shifts in species.
Received: 20 June 1999 · Accepted: 14 January 2000 相似文献
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During the last 200 years, many rivers in industrialized countries have been modified by canalization. In the last two decades, the philosophy of river management has changed considerably, and restoration of ecological integrity has become an important management goal. One appealing restoration approach is to create “river widenings” that permit braiding within a limited area. This study presents a new and efficient framework for rapidly assessing such widening projects and offers a novel method to comparing restored sites with near-natural stretches (stencil technique). The proposed framework evaluates spatial patterns of riparian habitat types using landscape metrics as indicators. Three case studies from river restoration (river widening) in Switzerland are presented for demonstration purposes.The method compares restored sites with prerestoration conditions and near-natural conditions, which are assumed to represent the worst and best case states of a river system. To take into account the limited spatial extent of the restored sites, the so-called “stencil technique” was developed, where the landscape metrics of the near-natural reference sites are calculated for both the entire study area and smaller sections (clips). The clips are created by using a stencil that has the exact shape and size of the restored area (random window-sampling technique). Subsequently, the calculated metrics for the restored sites are compared to the range of values calculated for the near-natural data subset. Our studies show that the proposed method is easy to apply andprovides a valid way to assess the restoration success of river widenings. We found that river widenings offer real opportunities for establishing riparian habitats. However, they promote mainly pioneer successional stages and the habitat mosaic of the restored section is more complex than at the near-natural reference sites. 相似文献
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Modelling the impact of flooding stress on the growth performance of woody species using fuzzy logic
Among the driving processes responsible for riparian forest dynamics the species-specific impact of flooding on the development of woody plants plays a key role—particularly for lowland rivers. Only a few of the forest succession models currently in use incorporate the flooding stress response of trees. This situation is mainly due to the incomplete investigation of the flooding tolerance processes and the related abiotic and biotic factors. In an attempt to use the wide-ranging but still rather vague knowledge available on flooding stress, the research presented in this paper proposes an approach to model tree response to flooding using the fuzzy set theory. The model is illustrated for the case of central European species. Flooding stress response to the abiotic factors of duration, depth and frequency of flooding differs according to five flooding tolerance classes and is expressed by means of a growth factor that limits optimal tree growth. We show that existing fuzzy set theory is able to generate and calibrate a flood stress response model which in turn can be incorporated into more complex forest succession models adapted to riparian areas. 相似文献
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In this study, we assess the risks of global warming on distributions of individual tree species in Switzerland. Applying
a spatially explicit model, tree occurrence is predicted as a function of high resolution and physiologically relevant biophysical
variables. The study shows that warming only slightly alters the overall abundance of tree species. However, the preferred
temperature regimes are unevenly distributed along an elevational gradient, and the sensitivity to temperature varies considerably
between the species. As a result, major reorganizations of forests in montane and subalpine belts are expected, i.e., a segregation
of the core distributions of Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies is observed. Tree distribution potentials near timberlines, however, remain roughly the same.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
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Landscape multifunctionality: a powerful concept to identify effects of environmental change 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Janine Bolliger Michèle Bättig Justus Gallati Andreas Kläy Michael Stauffacher Felix Kienast 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(1):203-206
The interdisciplinary concept of landscape multifunctionality provides a suitable platform to combine or disentangle effects
of multiple environmental stressors acting on the landscape. The concept allows mapping of trade-offs, synergies, and priority
conflicts between individual landscape functions, thus providing easily accessible, hands-on means to communicate findings
of environmental research to decision makers and society. This rapid communication provides an overview of current developments
and potential future research avenues in landscape multifunctionality. 相似文献
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Assessing Landscape Functions with Broad-Scale Environmental Data: Insights Gained from a Prototype Development for Europe 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Felix Kienast Janine Bolliger Marion Potschin Rudolf S. de Groot Peter H. Verburg Iris Heller Dirk Wascher Roy Haines-Young 《Environmental management》2009,44(6):1099-1120
We examine the advantages and disadvantages of a methodological framework designed to analyze the poorly understood relationships
between the ecosystem properties of large portions of land, and their capacities (stocks) to provide goods and services (flows).
These capacities (stocks) are referred to as landscape functions. The core of our assessment is a set of expert- and literature-driven
binary links, expressing whether specific land uses or other environmental properties have a supportive or neutral role for
given landscape functions. The binary links were applied to the environmental properties of 581 administrative units of Europe
with widely differing environmental conditions and this resulted in a spatially explicit landscape function assessment. To
check under what circumstances the binary links are able to replace complex interrelations, we compared the landscape function
maps with independently generated continent-wide assessments (maps of ecosystem services or environmental parameters/indicators).
This rigorous testing revealed that for 9 out of 15 functions the straightforward binary links work satisfactorily and generate
plausible geographical patterns. This conclusion holds primarily for production functions. The sensitivity of the nine landscape
functions to changes in land use was assessed with four land use scenarios (IPCC SRES). It was found that most European regions
maintain their capacity to provide the selected services under any of the four scenarios, although in some cases at other
locations within the region. At the proposed continental scale, the selected input parameters are thus valid proxies which
can be used to assess the mid-term potential of landscapes to provide goods and services. 相似文献
10.
Western European landscapes have drastically changed since the 1950s, with agricultural intensifications and the spread of
urban settlements considered the most important drivers of this land-use/land-cover change. Losses of habitat for fauna and
flora have been a direct consequence of this development. In the present study, we relate butterfly occurrence to land-use/land-cover
changes over five decades between 1951 and 2000. The study area covers the entire Swiss territory. The 10 explanatory variables
originate from agricultural statistics and censuses. Both state as well as rate was used as explanatory variables. Species
distribution data were obtained from natural history collections. We selected eight butterfly species: four species occur
on wetlands and four occur on dry grasslands. We used cluster analysis to track land-use/land-cover changes and to group communes
based on similar trajectories of change. Generalized linear models were applied to identify factors that were significantly
correlated with the persistence or disappearance of butterfly species. Results showed that decreasing agricultural areas and
densities of farms with more than 10 ha of cultivated land are significantly related with wetland species decline, and increasing
densities of livestock seem to have favored disappearance of dry grassland species. Moreover, we show that species declines
are not only dependent on land-use/land-cover states but also on the rates of change; that is, the higher the transformation rate from small to large farms, the higher the loss of dry grassland species.
We suggest that more attention should be paid to the rates of landscape change as feasible drivers of species change and derive
some management suggestions. 相似文献
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