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S.H.A.D. Zayed I.M.I. Fakhr Somaia EL‐Magraby 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4-5):467-478
Abstract Cholinesterase activity in the brain, RBC and plasma of Swiss mice was determined following different routes of administration of methamidophos. Continuous feeding with the insecticide caused a progressive inhibition of both plasma‐ and erythrocyte enzymes. The effect of methamidophos was more pronounced when applied in diet than when administered dermally or intraperitoneally. Following a single injection (i.p.) of methamidophos, the brain enzyme showed maximum inhibition 24 hr following treatment. At the appearance of tremors, the plasma and RBC‐enzymes showed considerable inhibition, the former being more inhibited. The plasma enzyme appears to be the most sensitive enzyme and may be taken as a suitable index for exposure to methamidophos. 相似文献
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Within the context of biogas R & D and demonstration project undertaken by the Egyptian National Resarch Centre, village demonstrations are of paramount importance. In this paper, a case study of a pioneering village demonstration is presented. Based on a preliminary sociological survey, “Al Manawat” - a traditional Egyptian village was selected for the first demonstration. After a short orientation phase through which the biogas technology was introduced to a group of village representatives, a family was selected to conduct the demonstration experiment. Concomitant with the family energy requirements, availability of digester feed materials, site characteristics and other relevant factors, a family-size unit of a modified Indian type was designed and erected by the side of the farmer's house. The digester effective volume is 9 cu.m. and is connected to both a latrine and animal shed. The unit has been successfully operated since May 1981. The highlights of the construction stage as well as the unit performance characteristics are discussed. A preliminary techno-economic appraisal is also outlined. Finally, social impacts are assessed. Initial results indicate that under the Egyptian village conditions, and particularly with the heavily subsidized fuel prices, the high saving in manure transport attained through the introduction of the biogas unit, appears to be the main benefit from the farmer's point of view. Dans le cadre de la recherche et du développement du gaz de fermentation et d'un projet pilote entrepris par le Centre national de recherche égyptien, les démonstrations faites dans les villages occupent une place prépondérante. Dans cet article, l'auteur présente le cas-type d'une démonstration pilote faite dans un village. En se basant sur une enquêue sociologique préliminaire, “Al Manawat”, qui est un village égyptien traditionnel, a été choisi comme lieu de la première démonstration. Après une courte phase d'orientation au cours de laquelle le technologie du gaz de fermentation a été présentée à un groupe de notables du village, on a choisi une famille pour effectuer la démonstration expérimentale. En même temps que l'on étudiait les besoins énergétiques de cette famille, la disponibilité de matières de base de fermentation, les caractéristiques de l'emplacement et tous autres facteurs pertinents, une unité familiale de type indien modifié a été con?ue et érigée à côté de la ferme. Le composteur, d'un volume utile de matières premières de 9 m3, est relié à la fois aux latrines et à l‘étable. Cette unité fonctionne avec satisfaction depuis le mois de mai 1981. L'article met en avant les points essentiels des étapes de la construction et les caractéristiques de rendement de l'unité de fermentation. Il esquisse une évaluation technico-économique préliminaire et fait l'estimation des retombées sociales. Les premiers résultats montrent que, dans le cadre du village égyptien et particulièrement du fait que les prix du fuel sont largement subventionnés, les économies importantes réalisées dans le transport du fumier grâce á l'introduction de l'unité de fermentation semblent étre, du point de vue du fermier, le bénéfice principal. Dentro del contexto del proyecto de I & D y demostración realizado por el Centro de Investigación Nacional de Egipto, la demostración en los villorrios es de suma importancia. Este artículo presenta un caso pionero de este tipo. Basado en encuestas sociológicas, un villorrio tradicional de Egipto, “Al Manawat” fue selectiondo para la primera demostración. Después de una fase corta de orientación en la que se introdujo la tecnologia del biogás a los representantes del villorrio, se seleccionó una familia con cuya colaboración se Ilevaria a cabo el experimento. Teniendo en cuenta las necesidades de energia de la familia, la disponibilidad de materia prima para el digestor, las caracter ísticas del lugar y otros factores importantes, se diseñó y construyó un digestor de tamaño familiar, usando un modelo Indio, al lado de la casa de la familia. El volumen efectivo del digestor es 9 metros cúbicos y está conectado a la letrina y al corral de animales. La unidad está funcionando con éxito desde Mayo de 1981. Se discuten aspectos de la etapa de construcción y las características de operación. Se hace también una evaluación técnico-económica preliminar. Finalmente se evalúa el impacto social de la experiencia. Los resultados indican que en las condiciones de los villorrios Egipcios, especialmente en condiciones de precios de combustibles altamente sub-sidiados, los grandes ahorros en el transporte de abono debido a la introducción del digestor de biogas parece ser el mayor beneficio desde el punto de vista de la familia. 相似文献
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Imen Rabeh Khaoula Telahigue Safa Bejaoui Tarek Hajji Lassaad Chouba M’hamed EL Cafsi 《Chemistry and Ecology》2019,35(3):204-218
Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous and a major environmental metal pollutant in the aquatic ecosystem. The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of mercury graded doses exposure on oxidative stress, redox status, metallothionein levels and genotoxicity in the intestine of sea cucumber Holothuria forskali. Specimens were exposed for 96?h to three concentrations of Hg (40, 80 and 160?µg/L). Exposure of H. forskali to Hg promoted oxidative stress with an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels. An increase of glutathione (GSH), vitamin C (ViteC) and non-protein thiols (NPSH) contents was also observed. Additionally, antioxidant activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) increased especially with the highest doses of Hg indicating a great defense of the antioxidant system. Our investigation revealed an increase in total Metallothionein (MT) content which was more pronounced at the sharpest concentrations of Hg. A significant decline of AChE activity was also observed. In the intestine of Hg-treated H. forskali genotoxicity was confirmed by DNA degradation. 相似文献
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Arizzi Novelli Alessandra Picone Marco Losso Chiara Volpi Ghirardini Annamaria 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4-6):183-191
The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of total ammonia towards sea urchin bioassays, in order to elucidate the role of ammonia as confounding factor in sediment quality assessment studies. New toxicity data, expressed as EC50, NOEC and LOEC are reported for Paracentrotus lividus based on experiments at differing pH values. Results confirmed that sperm cell toxicity test is not very sensitive to ammonia, while total ammonia embryotoxicity is strictly pH dependent. Accurate observations of embryotoxic effects at increasing total ammonia concentrations evidenced progressive shifts from malformed plutei to gastrula and blastula blockages. Toxicity data obtained for P. lividus are comparable with previous results with other echinoid species. 相似文献
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Waqar Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman Muhammad Hasnain Muhammad Usama Iqbal Shahid Ghaffar Abdul Iqbal Rashid Hussain Muhammad Iftikhar Sabagh Ayman EL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(35):52520-52533
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sunflower plants need nitrogen consistently and in higher amount for optimum growth and development. However, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of... 相似文献
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Paolo Gasparini Giuseppe Novelli Anna Savoia Bruno Dallapiccola Pier Franco Pignatti 《黑龙江环境通报》1989,9(5):349-355
Eight pregnancies at risk for cystic fibrosis have been monitored by first-trimester prenatal diagnosis with DNA amplification analysis. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used in all cases to amplify the region detected by KM 19. In two cases, the region detected by CS·7, another DNA probe tightly linked to the CF locus, was also examined. The results of the PCR determinations were confirmed using the Southern blotting procedure, by segregation analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) relative to XV-2c, J3·11, metH, metD, and KM19 probes. 相似文献
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Libralato G Losso C Arizzi Novelli A Citron M Della Sala S Zanotto E Cepak F Volpi Ghirardini A 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,156(3):644-650
This work assesses the ecotoxicological effects of polluted sediment after a decontamination treatment process using a new sediment washing technique. Sediment samples were collected from four sites in Marghera Port industrial channels (Venice, Italy). Ecotoxicological evaluations were performed with Vibrio fischeri and Crassostrea gigas bioassays. Whole sediment and elutriate were deemed as the most suitable environmental matrices for this study. Toxicity scores developed in the Lagoon of Venice for V. fischeri on whole sediment and for C. gigas on elutriate were considered for the final ranking of samples. Ecotoxicological results showed that the treated sediment samples presented both acute and sub-chronic toxicities, which were mainly attributed to the presence of some remaining chemicals such as metals and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. The acute toxicity ranged from low to medium, while the sub-chronic one from absent to very high, suggesting that treated sediments could not be reused in direct contact with seawater. 相似文献