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1.
土霉素对SBR系统细菌的抑制效应与机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于SBR系统,从脱氮过程、化学需氧量(COD)的去除过程、胞外聚合物(EPS)的总量变化过程、比呼吸速率(SOUR)的变化过程及微生物群落的变化等多个角度出发,较系统地研究了不同浓度土霉素对SBR系统的冲击作用.结果表明,由于土霉素(OTC)的作用,系统氨氮去除率从空白对照组的99.0%分别下降至77.2%(OTC 1 mg·L~(-1))、47.4%(OTC 5 mg·L~(-1))及10.0%(OTC 10 mg·L~(-1)).此外,高浓度土霉素(10mg·L~(-1))引起EPS分泌量和异养菌SOUR分别下降至空白组的44.3%和41.2%.由高通量分析可得,由于高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)的作用,活性污泥中微生物的多样性显著下降,且微生物的群落结构也发生显著变化.属层面的分析可得,高浓度土霉素(5 mg·L~(-1)以上)反应器中的部分氨氧化菌,如Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas均受到了抑制. 相似文献
2.
城市自来水中挥发性有机氯污染物检测及健康风险评价初步研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水质安全是饮用水安全的重中之重,直接关系到人体健康。采用健康风险评价模式,对某市饮用水进行了分析和评价。研究结果表明,该市通过饮水途径引起的非致癌健康风险中四氯化碳最大,三氯甲烷次之,两者风险水平在10-5~10-6,远低于美国环境保护署推荐的最大可接受风险水平。通过饮水途径所致健康风险中,四氯乙烯所引起的致癌风险最大(1.2×10-8),但远远低于美国环境保护署推荐的通过饮水途径最大可接受风险水平(5×10-5)。根据美国环境保护署的推荐值,初步认为目前该市饮用水中挥发性有机污染物不会对人体产生明显的健康危害。 相似文献
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抗生素及其抗性基因在环境中的污染、降解和去除研究进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着抗生素及其抗菌产品的广泛应用,自然和人工环境中的抗生素残留带来的危害引起人们关注.本文基于最新文献,综述了国内外抗生素及其抗性基因的污染水平和来源、它们之间的关系和传播机理以及这类污染物的降解和去除技术.现有研究表明,抗生素及其抗性基因的污染已遍布水、土壤、大气等介质,而在以污水处理厂和固废填埋场为代表的人工环境中,其污染水平更高.抗生素残留诱导产生抗性基因,其在环境中传播扩散与水平基因转移(Horizontal Gene Transfer,HGT)和微生物群落结构组成有关.抗生素和抗性基因在环境中自然降解过程受基质类型、光照、温度和微生物种群等因素的影响,其中光照是影响其降解的重要因子;而在人工处理系统中,紫外消毒和生化降解对抗生素及其抗性基因有较好的去除效果,但并非全部有效.建议今后加强对特定环境中抗生素和抗生素抗性基因的扩散规律和高效降解去除等方面的机理和工艺研究,进而有效控制其环境含量,降低其污染水平. 相似文献
6.
Houyu Wang Chun-Gang Yuan Chenchen Liu Xuelei Duan Qi Guo Yiwen Shen Jingfu Liu Yongsheng Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(5):286-293
The creation of an environmentally friendly synthesis method for silver nanomaterials (AgNPs) is an urgent concern for sustainable nanotechnology development. In the present study, a novel straightforward and green method for the preparation of silver nanoparticle/reduced graphene oxide (AgNP/rGO) composites was successfully developed through the combination of phytosynthesis, continuous flow synthesis and microwave-assistance. Oriental persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) extracts were used as both plant reducing and capping agents for fast online synthesis of AgNP/rGO composites. The experimental parameters were optimized and the morphologies of the prepared materials were investigated. The characterization results reveal that spherical AgNPs were quickly synthesized and uniformly dispersed on rGO sheets using the proposed online system. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that phenols, flavonoids, and other substances in the plant extracts played a decisive role in the synthesis of AgNP/rGO composites. Using sodium borohydride (NaBH4) degradation of p-nitrophenol (4-NP) as a model, the catalytic activity of the prepared AgNP/rGO materials was evaluated. The complete degradation of 4-NP was achieved within 12 min through the use of AgNP/rGO materials, and the composite had a much better catalytic activity than the bare AgNPs and rGO had. Compared with the conventional chemical method, our online method is facile, fast, cost-efficient, and environmentally friendly. 相似文献
7.
大玉竹低聚糖硫酸酯抗HSV-2病毒活性的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从传统中药大玉竹中提取低聚糖Poos,用吡啶-氯磺酸法制备了它的硫酸酯衍生物S-Poos,产物经红外鉴定,证实Poos硫酸酯化后羟基连上硫酸基,硫含量为8.47%,取代度(Ds)为0.6体外实验研究了Poos、S-Poos对非洲绿猴肾细胞(Vero)的细胞毒怀和抗单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)活性。结果表明,Poos和S-Poos都无细胞毒性。Poos本身无抗病毒活性,对HSV-2引起的细胞病变和 相似文献
8.
Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency. 相似文献
9.
为深入理解土壤细菌群落沿海拔梯度的分布特征,以秦岭山脉中段的朱雀国家森林公园朱雀山北坡(简称“朱雀北坡”)与太白山自然保护区太白山北坡(简称“太白山北坡”)为研究区域,海拔梯度上每隔400 m设置采样点,通过高通量测序研究土壤细菌群落的海拔变化规律及其关键影响因素.结果表明:研究区域内,随海拔升高,土壤pH趋于降低(太白山北坡不明显),w(TC)、w(TN)、w(TOC)均显著升高,w(TP)也趋于升高(朱雀北坡不明显).两个区域土壤细菌中相对丰度最高的均为变形菌门和酸杆菌门,朱雀北坡随海拔梯度变化显著的细菌主要包括变形菌门、硝化螺旋菌门、浮霉状菌门、酸杆菌门、放线菌门,其中,硝化螺旋菌门相对丰度与海拔呈正相关,放线菌门相对丰度与海拔呈负相关;太白山北坡随海拔梯度变化显著的细菌主要包括放线菌门、疣微菌门、浮霉状菌门、绿弯菌门,其中,放线菌门相对丰度与海拔呈负相关,其余三者相对丰度与海拔呈正相关.两个区域土壤细菌多样性指数(如Shannon-Wiener指数、Chao1指数、observed-species指数、PD_whole_tree指数等)沿海拔梯度均无明显变化规律,但太白山北坡数值整体上高于朱雀北坡.典范对应分析(canonical correlation analysis,CCA)结果显示,影响朱雀北坡和太白山北坡土壤细菌群落结构的主要因素均为pH和w(TOC).研究显示,不同海拔梯度也是导致秦岭中段北坡土壤细菌群落差异的重要因素. 相似文献
10.
Traditional agriculture benefits a rich diversity of plants and animals. The winter-flooded rice fields in the Qinling Mountains, China, are the last refuge for the endangered Asian crested ibis (Nipponia nippon), and intensive efforts have been made to protect this anthropogenic habitat. Analyses of multi-temporal satellite data indicate that winter-flooded rice fields have been continuously reduced across the current range of crested ibis during the past two decades. The rate of loss of these fields in the core-protected areas has unexpectedly increased to a higher level than that in non-protected areas in the past decade. The best fit (R2 = 0.87) numerical response model of the crested ibis population shows that a reduction of winter-flooded rice fields decreases population growth and predicts that the population growth will be constrained by the decline of traditional winter-flooded rice fields in the coming decades. Our findings suggest that the decline of traditional rice farming is likely to continue to pose a threat to the long-term survival and recovery of the crested ibis population in China.