A combined radical and non-radical oxidation processes for efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the homogeneous Cu(II)/PMS system: important role of chloride

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace copper ion (Cu(II)) in water and wastewater can trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to oxidize organic compounds, but it only works under...     

Characteristic and mechanism of sorption and desorption of benzene on humic acid

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The sorption/desorption behaviors of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) on soil organic matter (SOM) have a significant influence on...     

Difference in the net value of ecological services between natural and artificial forests in China

Land degradation is a global problem that seriously threatens human society. However, in China and elsewhere, ecological restoration still largely relies on a traditional approach that focuses only on ecological factors and ignores socioeconomic factors. To improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration and maximize its economic and ecological benefits, a more efficient approach is needed that provides support for policy development and land management and thereby promotes environmental conservation. We devised a framework for assessing the value of ecosystem services that remain after subtracting costs, such as the opportunity costs, costs of forest protection, and costs for the people who are affected by the program; that is, the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). To understand the difference between the value of a resource and the net value of the ecosystem service it provides, we used data on VES, timber sales, and afforestation costs from China's massive national afforestation programs to calculate the net value of forest ecosystem services in China. Accounting for the abovementioned costs revealed an NVES of ¥6.1 × 10¹² for forests in 2014, which was 35.9% less than the value calculated without accounting for costs. As a result, the NVES associated with afforestation was 55.9% less than the NVES of natural forests. In some regions, NVES was negative because of the huge costs of human-made plantations, high evapotranspiration rates (thus, high water opportunity costs), and low forest survival rates. To maximize the ecological benefits of conservation, it is necessary to account for as many costs as possible so that management decisions can be based on NVES, thereby helping managers choose projects that maximize both economic and ecological benefits.     

基于压力响应关系法的湖泊营养物基准制定

湖泊富营养化与氮、磷及有机物含量过高密切相关,建立数字型营养物基准能够防止富营养化对水体指定用途造成影响.太湖流域是我国华东地区经济腹地,近年来流域内湖泊水质每况愈下,对其基准研究可为湖泊治理提供依据.详细介绍了压力响应关系法制定湖泊营养物基准的步骤,并将此方法运用到太湖流域营养物基准制定研究中.为满足大多数水体指定用途,研究中将该流域湖泊基本功能确定为娱乐、永生生物栖息地及饮用水,以此构建流域概念模型.选择压力变量为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机物,响应变量为叶绿素a(chl-a).用非参数分析法和线性回归法分别建立压力-响应模型,通过2种方法相互验证得到TN、TP和CODMn基准分别为0.593、0.067和4.092 mg/L.     

Distribution of elements in needles of Pinus massoniana (Lamb.) was uneven and affected by needle age

Macronutrients (P, S, K, Na, Mg, Ca), heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cd,) and Al concentrations as well as values of Ca/Al in the tip, middle and base sections, and sheaths of current year and previous year needles of Pinus massoniana from Xiqiao Mountain were analyzed and the distribution patterns of those elements were compared. The results indicated that many elements were unevenly distributed among the different components of needles. Possible deficiency of P, K, Ca, Mn and Al toxicity occurred in needles under air pollution. Heavy metals may threaten the health of Masson pine. Needle sheaths were good places to look for particulate pollutants, in this case including Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Al.     

沟渠式生物接触氧化法对有机物和氨氮的去除研究

生物接触氧化工艺是目前较为成熟的水质净化技术,国内外在河流水质净化、水体修复中都有较多的研究和应用.在实验室采用沟渠式生物接触氧化组合系统处理模拟村庄面源污水,较好地去除了有机物并实现氨氮转化.结果表明,当进水COD为130～290mg/L、氨氮为30～40mg/L、水力负荷为0.19～0.24m3/(m2·d)的条件下,该系统稳定运行11周,COD和氨氮的平均去除率分别达85%和79%.     

蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水现场试验研究

对蚯蚓生态滤池处理太湖流域农村生活污水进行现场试验研究.通过对蚯蚓同化容量与污染负荷进行单因素分析,得出蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水的运行参数与运行方式,并据此进行连续运行试验.结果表明,在表面水力负荷1 m3/(m2*d)、湿干比(布水时间和落干时间之比)1∶3、蚯蚓负荷(以单位体积填料中蚯蚓的质量计)12.5 g/L的条件下,蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水具有可行性与高效性,单级系统的COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别在81%、66%、82%和89%左右.改进蚯蚓床填料、设计通风结构和采取适宜运行方式,是蚯蚓生态滤池成功应用于农村生活污水处理的三大重要因素.     

顺序暴露场景下四环素和砷对斑马鱼的联合毒性效应

在一些不连续生产的工业活动、畜禽养殖等间歇性排放废水的场景中,水环境中的盐酸四环素（Tetracycline,TET）和砷（Arsenic,As）可能会产生区别于单一或复合暴露的顺序暴露场景,从而导致复杂的生物毒性.本研究通过分析模式生物斑马鱼的表型数据（肥满度）、病理损伤（H&E染色实验）及氧化损伤（丙二醛和还原型谷胱甘肽含量）,探究顺序暴露方式下TET和As（Ⅲ）的联合毒性效应.结果表明：50 μg·L^-1 TET可造成肝脏和肠道的病理学损伤,并进一步诱导氧化损伤.100 μg·L^-1 As（Ⅲ）可造成肝脏炎性细胞浸润及肝脏和肠道的氧化损伤.连续暴露TET和As（Ⅲ）导致斑马鱼肥满度降低,且氧化损伤明显加剧,这可能与TET损伤了抗氧化防御系统有关.值得注意的是,TET暴露后设置2周的恢复期,可减轻As（Ⅲ）对斑马鱼肝脏和肠道的损伤,其机理可能与生物对污染物的适应及交叉抗性相关.本研究的实验结果可为评估TET和As（Ⅲ）的联合毒性效应提供新的视角.     

面向乡村振兴战略的村庄分类方法与实证研究

乡村振兴战略是新时期我国推进乡村发展的重要举措,村庄分类是促进乡村振兴战略规划在村级层面有效落地的先导工作,对于实现国家乡村振兴战略的阶段性目标具有重要意义。《国家乡村振兴战略规划（2018-2022年）》提出了集聚提升类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、搬迁撤并类等四种村庄类型,但并未明确具体的分类原则与方法。针对实践工作需要,本研究基于该四种村庄类型,进一步明确了其二级类,并提出了相应的分类原则与方法;建立了村庄分类模型（VCM）,从村庄特色、村民生存、发展建设、城村联系、村庄功能等五个维度,提出了村庄分类的参考指标体系。选取宁夏回族自治区盐池县作为案例区,基于前述原则、方法与模型,对该县102个行政村进行分类。实证检验表明：本研究提出的原则和方法对于村庄分类具有实践指导价值。需要说明的是,鉴于村庄内外部条件的差异性和复杂性,具体工作时仍需结合实际情况进行部分参数、阈值的设定。