Effect of 450 MHz Microwave Modulated with 217 Hz on Human EEG in Rest

Summary This study focuses on discrimination of changes, produced by low-level microwave exposure in intensity and time variability of the human EEG at rest. The power spectral density (PSD) method and nonlinear scaling analysis of the length distribution of low variability periods (LDLVP) were selected for analysis of the EEG signal. During the study, 19 healthy volunteers were exposed to a microwave (450 MHz) of 217 Hz frequency on-off modulation. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW/cm². The experimental protocol consisted of ten cycles of repetitive microwave exposure. Signals from frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital EEG channels on EEG theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analysed. Exposure to microwave causes average increase of EEG activity. LDLVP analysis discriminated significant effect in time variability for 2 subjects (11%). PSD method detected significant changes in intensity for 4 subjects (21%). The effect of low-level microwave exposure is stronger on EEG beta rhythm in temporal and parietal regions of the human brain.     

Individual changes in human EEG caused by 450 MHz microwave modulated at 40 and 70 Hz

This study was aimed to investigate the changes in the human electroencephalographic (EEG) signal caused by modulated low-level microwaves. The 450 MHz microwave exposure modulated at 40 Hz and 70 Hz frequencies was applied to a group of 15 volunteers. The field power density at the scalp was 0.16 mW/cm². Ten cycles of the exposure (1 min on and 1 min off) at both modulation frequencies were applied. Analysis of the EEG signal was performed using three different methods: nonlinear method of scaling analysis for length distribution of low variability periods (LDLVP), relative changes in EEG energy (S-parameter) and beta ratio (H-parameter). The analysis revealed significant changes caused by microwave for the whole group (H-parameter method). The exposure caused increase of the EEG beta power (S-parameter method). Statistically significant changes in EEG were detected for four subjects (26.7%) at 40 Hz modulation frequency (LDLVP method).     

Effect of modulated at different low frequencies microwave radiation on human EEG

This study is aimed to clarify whether effect of low-level microwave radiation on human brain differs at different modulation frequencies. Resting EEG recordings were done on different groups of healthy volunteers. The 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at 40 and 70 Hz (15 subjects) and 217 and 1,000 Hz (19 subjects) frequencies was applied. The results of our previous study at 7, 14 and 21 Hz modulation were included into analysis. Ten cycles of the exposure (1 min off and 1 min on) at each fixed modulation frequencies were applied. The field power density at the scalp was always 0.16 mW/cm². Our results showed that microwave exposure increased the EEG energy at EEG frequencies lower or close to the modulation frequency. No effect was detected at EEG frequencies higher than the modulation frequency. Statistically significant changes were caused by exposure in the EEG alpha and beta frequency bands; no significant effect was detected in the theta band. Our results suggest that telecommunication devices with complex spectrum of modulation frequencies like mobile phone can affect all human EEG frequency bands.     

Low-Level Microwave Radiation Effect on Nerve Pulse Conduction Velocity

Summary This study is aimed to investigate dependence of nerve pulse conduction velocity on low-level microwave exposure. The changes in fiber membrane permeability or myelin sheath, caused by microwave, should affect nerve pulse conduction velocity. Experimental investigation was carried out for nerve pulse conduction velocity with and without applied microwave field and different orientations of its polarization to the nerve fiber. Microwave radiation of 450 MHz was applied polarized perpendicular or parallel to the nerve fiber. The measured field power density at the skin was 0.87 mW/cm². Special program was developed for calculation of the nerve pulse conduction velocity in LabView environment. The right nervus medianus motor nerve fibers of 35 young subjects were under the study. The experimental protocol included ten measurements in every cycle of five different exposure conditions. No changes in average values of the conduction velocities discovered in different exposure conditions. Theoretical calculations based on Hodgkin-Huxley model confirm only a weak possible effect. The results showed that low-level microwave radiation did not cause statistically significant change in nerve pulse conduction velocity in human motor nerve fiber.     

Modulated microwave effects on individuals with depressive disorder

This study was aimed to evaluate differences in the effect of microwave exposure on patients with depressive disorder and healthy subjects. Our experiments were carried out on a group of depressive patients (women, 18 subjects) and comparison group of healthy volunteers (women, 18 subjects) exposed during 30 min to 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at 1,000 Hz frequency. The field power density at the scalp was 0.9 mW/cm². As a subjective criteria of microwave effect, the Brief Affect Scale (BAS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after each exposure procedure were used. The analysis of EEG was performed and ratio of the EEG beta and theta power was selected as a measure for evaluation of the microwave effect. The BAS and VAS revealed rather improvement in subjective mood score after exposure for majority of depressive subjects (11) and no changes for others (7). The EEG analysis detected differences between calculated parameters for exposed and sham recordings in depression as well as healthy group. Statistically significant changes were introduced by microwave for five patients with depressive disorder and for one healthy subject. The rate of subjects affected by microwave in depression group (28%) was five times higher compared to that rate in healthy group (5.6%).     

The therapeutic effect of Värska mud and Värska mineral water baths on the overuse pain and muscle tension syndromes in the working age population

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The effects of bath therapy are complex and result from a unique interaction between the aquatic environment and the human body functions. The effect of bath...