增强企业内安全培训能力对策研究

依据中日合作项目《加强中国安全生产科学技术能力计划》成果，对比分析了中日对企业安全培训相关法规要求，明确了各自的优点、缺点，提出通过开展企业内安全培训负责人培训可增强企业内安全培训能力，并在宁波进行了试点。提出应当重视企业内安全培训工作，对生产经营单位安全培训规定进行修改，制定配套实施细则和办法，开展企业内安全培训负责人培训、把班组长培训制度化、充分利用外部培训机构等增强企业内安全培训能力的对策和建议。     

Spectroscopic analysis of NIR-dye sensitization in bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells

The photovoltaic conversion efficiency for near-infrared (NIR) sunlight is improved successfully by dye sensitization of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, in which the active layer was prepared by a ternary blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene), a fullerene derivative (1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene), and an NIR dye, silicon phthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyl oxide). The mechanism of the NIR-dye sensitization is studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.     

Development of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with a solid phase trap for dioxins in soils and sediments

A method involving supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) with a solid phase trap containing activated alumina was investigated for the rapid analysis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in soils and sediments. The samples were extracted by using supercritical carbon dioxide with water (2% versus CO(2) flow velocity) being used as an entrainer at a pressure of 30 MPa and a temperature of 130 degrees C for 50 min. The extracts were adsorbed on an activated alumina trap that was maintained at a temperature of 150 degrees C, and then, PCDD/DFs and DL-PCBs were eluted with 20 ml of hexane at 60 degrees C. After concentration, they were measured with a high-resolution gas chromatograph interfaced to a high-resolution mass spectrometric detector. The average concentrations of PCDD/DFs and DL-PCBs corresponded to the results obtained by the conventional method, and the reproducibility of this SFE method was below 21% of the relative standard deviations for all samples. The total time required for the analysis of the pretreatment of this method was only 2 h.     

Mixed land-use planning on the periphery of large Asian cities: the case of Nonthaburi Province, Thailand

Throughout Asia, rapid and uncontrolled urbanization has created serious environmental problems, and the development of sustainable urban–rural planning methods is of critical importance. To improve our understanding of mixed urban–rural land uses and provide future practical visions for regional planning, we conducted a case study of the urban fringe of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand. After identifying local irrigation districts as the basic spatial unit for resource circulation, we quantified current material flows of organic wastes generated by households within each district. We then developed two different land-use scenarios for 2020: (1) a high-rise compact and (2) a low-story sprawl development scenario. These scenarios were compared in terms of efficiency of material flows and energy consumption. We found that, based on current infrastructure and technology, the latter scenario was more advantageous in terms of both material input and energy consumption than the former, thereby, identifying positive aspects of urban–rural land-use mixture. Based on these results, we propose that planners should focus on density control measures that take into account bioresource circulation within irrigation districts rather than simply drawing arbitrary land-use zoning lines. To this end, we suggest that the division between agricultural and urban planning departments must be bridged, and that research should take an interdisciplinary approach.     

Spectroscopic Analysis of NIR-Dye Sensitization in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells

The photovoltaic conversion efficiency for near-infrared (NIR) sunlight is improved successfully by dye sensitization of bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells, in which the active layer was prepared by a ternary blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene), a fullerene derivative (1-(3-methoxycarbonyl)propyl-1-phenyl-[6,6]-methanofullerene), and an NIR dye, silicon phthalocyanine bis(trihexylsilyl oxide). The mechanism of the NIR-dye sensitization is studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.     

Female sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis – throwing a light on the relationship between O. orientalis and the European corn borer, O. nubilalis

Summary. The sex pheromone of Ostrinia orientalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was analyzed by gas chromatography–electroantennographic detection (GC–EAD), GC–mass spectrometry and a series of bioassays. Three EAD-active compounds were detected in the female sex pheromone gland extract, and identified as tetradecyl acetate (14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc). The titers (ratio) of 14:OAc, Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc in 3-day-old virgin females were 0.49 ng (10), 4.86 ng (98) and 0.10 ng (2), respectively. In a wind-tunnel bioassay, the 98:2 blend of Z11- and E11-14:OAc, but not Z11-14:OAc alone, elicited the same male behavioral responses as virgin females and crude gland extracts. 14:OAc was inactive by itself, and did not show any synergistic effect on the binary blend. Field trapping experiments also confirmed the attractiveness of the binary blend to O. orientalis males. Based on these results, we concluded that the sex pheromone of O. orientalis is a 98:2 mixture of Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc. This sex pheromone is very similar to that of the Z-type European corn borer, O. nubilalis. The present finding raises the question of whether O. orientalis , which is indistinguishable from O. nubilalis based on external morphology, is a biologically distinct species independent from O. nubilalis.     

Relationships between the abnormalities of the male reproductive organs and the accumulation of phenol compounds in the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, inhabiting Korea

The relationships between the abnormalities of the male reproductive organs in striped field mice and the accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals were assessed. Most mice collected at three areas were contaminated with phenol or organotin compounds. Fourteen to 42% of the mice at each area had abnormally shrunken reproductive organs, and some of them were contaminated with high levels of phenol compounds. Moreover, all the shrunken reproductive organs were damaged in the histological structure. The damage was observed also from several mice accumulating a high level of phenol compounds even though they had normally developed reproductive organs, although no damage was found in the mice accumulating a high level of organotin compounds. Collectively, the abnormalities of the reproductive organs in the mice seemed to be related to the accumulation of phenol compounds rather than of organotin compounds.     

Triterpenoid and caffeic acid derivatives in the leaves of ragweed, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ambrosia artemisiifolia</Emphasis> L. (Asterales: Asteraceae), as feeding stimulants of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ophraella communa</Emphasis> LeSage (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

Summary. The leaf beetle Ophraella communa infests almost exclusively Ambrosia artemisiifolia in the fields of Japan, even though it normally feeds on several Asteraceous plants. A filter paper bioassay showed that the feeding of O. communa is strongly stimulated by methanolic extracts of A. artemisiifolia. The feeding stimulants for O. communa have been isolated from methanolic extracts of A. artemisiifolia. -Amyrin acetate, -amyrin acetate, 5-caffeoylquinic acid (chlorogenic acid) and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid from A. artemisiifolia have been identified as feeding stimulants for O. communa. Triterpenoid derivatives (-amyrin acetate or -amyrin acetate) and caffeic acid derivatives (3, 5-dicaffoylquinic acid or 5-caffeoylquinic acid) showed feeding stimulant activity when mixed together.     

Behavioral and electroantennographic responsiveness of adult butterflies of six nymphalid species to food-derived volatiles

While adults of most species of butterflies visit flowers for food (nectar), those of certain species can feed on rotting food (e.g., exuded tree sap and rotting fruits). These food sources considerably differ in odor; flowers emit species-specific scents and rotting-food odors are characterized by fermentation products. To determine whether adult butterflies have different olfactory performances adaptive to their food selections, we examined the following responses of naïve adults of six nymphalid species, namely, Nymphalis xanthomelas, Kaniska canace, Vanessa indica, Cynthia cardui, Hypolimnas bolina, and Argyreus hyperbius: the proboscis extension reflex (PER) was evaluated as the behavioral criterion of preference for scent compounds, and the electroantennographic (EAG) response was assessed as the sensory criterion of antennal perception. All of these species are nectarivorous, but N. xanthomelas, K. canace, and V. indica also forage rotting food. The PERs to 52 tested compounds were in good agreement with the food habits of these butterflies. The six species showed high PERs to several aromatic compounds widely found in flower scents. Fermentation products such as ethanol and acetic acid elicited intermediate to high responses from the three species feeding on rotting foods. The other three species showed low PERs to these compounds, and acetic acid strongly inhibited the PER-eliciting activities of the other compounds. These results demonstrate that the olfactory preference for fermentation products is a characteristic of the rotting-food feeders. The spectrum of EAG responses to 37 tested compounds was relatively similar among the six species. Particular acyclic aliphatic compounds, including green leaf volatiles, elicited high EAG responses from all the species. Despite a high PER-eliciting activity, most aromatic compounds induced intermediate EAG responses; however, ethanol and acetic acid evoked very weak responses. The results suggest that in food selection, adult butterflies use a specific olfactory system to perceive these major food-derived volatiles.