A combined radical and non-radical oxidation processes for efficient degradation of Acid Orange 7 in the homogeneous Cu(II)/PMS system: important role of chloride

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Trace copper ion (Cu(II)) in water and wastewater can trigger peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to oxidize organic compounds, but it only works under...     

Difference in the net value of ecological services between natural and artificial forests in China

Land degradation is a global problem that seriously threatens human society. However, in China and elsewhere, ecological restoration still largely relies on a traditional approach that focuses only on ecological factors and ignores socioeconomic factors. To improve the effectiveness of ecological restoration and maximize its economic and ecological benefits, a more efficient approach is needed that provides support for policy development and land management and thereby promotes environmental conservation. We devised a framework for assessing the value of ecosystem services that remain after subtracting costs, such as the opportunity costs, costs of forest protection, and costs for the people who are affected by the program; that is, the net value of ecosystem services (NVES). To understand the difference between the value of a resource and the net value of the ecosystem service it provides, we used data on VES, timber sales, and afforestation costs from China's massive national afforestation programs to calculate the net value of forest ecosystem services in China. Accounting for the abovementioned costs revealed an NVES of ¥6.1 × 10¹² for forests in 2014, which was 35.9% less than the value calculated without accounting for costs. As a result, the NVES associated with afforestation was 55.9% less than the NVES of natural forests. In some regions, NVES was negative because of the huge costs of human-made plantations, high evapotranspiration rates (thus, high water opportunity costs), and low forest survival rates. To maximize the ecological benefits of conservation, it is necessary to account for as many costs as possible so that management decisions can be based on NVES, thereby helping managers choose projects that maximize both economic and ecological benefits.     

基于压力响应关系法的湖泊营养物基准制定

湖泊富营养化与氮、磷及有机物含量过高密切相关,建立数字型营养物基准能够防止富营养化对水体指定用途造成影响.太湖流域是我国华东地区经济腹地,近年来流域内湖泊水质每况愈下,对其基准研究可为湖泊治理提供依据.详细介绍了压力响应关系法制定湖泊营养物基准的步骤,并将此方法运用到太湖流域营养物基准制定研究中.为满足大多数水体指定用途,研究中将该流域湖泊基本功能确定为娱乐、永生生物栖息地及饮用水,以此构建流域概念模型.选择压力变量为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机物,响应变量为叶绿素a(chl-a).用非参数分析法和线性回归法分别建立压力-响应模型,通过2种方法相互验证得到TN、TP和CODMn基准分别为0.593、0.067和4.092 mg/L.     

溶胶凝胶法制备磷钨酸掺杂TiO2薄膜及其光催化性能

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了磷钨酸掺杂的二氧化钛薄膜.通过XRD、FT-TR对该薄膜进行了表征,研究了薄膜在对氯苯酚光降解中的催化活性.结果表明,当磷钨酸与二氧化钛摩尔比为0.01:1、薄膜烧结温度600℃、对氯苯酚溶液浓度30 mg/L(pH＝5)、光催化8 h的条件下,对氯苯酚的降解率超过90%,且薄膜可以重复使用.磷钨酸对二氧化钛的光催化活性具有明显的促进作用.     

跨行政区域水污染纠纷的对策探讨——剖析某水域水污染死鱼事故

针对某乡镇企业十分发达地区的跨行政(市县)区域水污染死鱼事故的剖析，本文提出了处理解决跨行政区域水污染纠纷事故的若干对策建议。     

Effect of Habitat Fragmentation and Isolation on the Population of Alpine Musk Deer

The alpine musk deer (Moschus chrysogaster) is a key species of some terrestrial ecosystems, it has an important economic and conservative significance as a kind of medical animal in China. Due to the interaction between natural forces and human disturbance, the habitats of alpine musk deer are fragmented and isolated in different mountains and the populations are confronted with many problems of survival. In this paper, we discuss the impact of habitat fragmentation and isolation on alpine musk deer populations based on the investigation on the population densities and sizes and environmental factors in different reserves, as well as on the analysis of its ecological adaptability. We found that the alpine musk deer has strong ecological adaptability; the population development of alpine musk deer may benefit from the reduction of the forest area and even from the fragmentation and isolation of the habitat to a certain extent. However, deforestion should not be encouraged only for the alpine musk deer population, but should also be based on the overall consideration of biodiversity conservation.     

预曝-混凝沉淀-微絮凝过滤工艺处理钢帘线污水

采用预曝-混凝沉淀-微絮凝过滤工艺处理子午轮胎钢帘线厂废水,并循环回用.经过3年运行结果表明,出水水质符合<污水再生利用设计规范>(GB50335-2002)中循环冷却水水质控制指标,并达到车间生产用水要求.该工艺运行稳定,管理方便,完全实现零排放.     

蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水现场试验研究

对蚯蚓生态滤池处理太湖流域农村生活污水进行现场试验研究.通过对蚯蚓同化容量与污染负荷进行单因素分析,得出蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水的运行参数与运行方式,并据此进行连续运行试验.结果表明,在表面水力负荷1 m3/(m2*d)、湿干比(布水时间和落干时间之比)1∶3、蚯蚓负荷(以单位体积填料中蚯蚓的质量计)12.5 g/L的条件下,蚯蚓生态滤池处理农村生活污水具有可行性与高效性,单级系统的COD、总氮、氨氮和总磷的去除率分别在81%、66%、82%和89%左右.改进蚯蚓床填料、设计通风结构和采取适宜运行方式,是蚯蚓生态滤池成功应用于农村生活污水处理的三大重要因素.     

顺序暴露场景下四环素和砷对斑马鱼的联合毒性效应

在一些不连续生产的工业活动、畜禽养殖等间歇性排放废水的场景中,水环境中的盐酸四环素（Tetracycline,TET）和砷（Arsenic,As）可能会产生区别于单一或复合暴露的顺序暴露场景,从而导致复杂的生物毒性.本研究通过分析模式生物斑马鱼的表型数据（肥满度）、病理损伤（H&E染色实验）及氧化损伤（丙二醛和还原型谷胱甘肽含量）,探究顺序暴露方式下TET和As（Ⅲ）的联合毒性效应.结果表明：50 μg·L^-1 TET可造成肝脏和肠道的病理学损伤,并进一步诱导氧化损伤.100 μg·L^-1 As（Ⅲ）可造成肝脏炎性细胞浸润及肝脏和肠道的氧化损伤.连续暴露TET和As（Ⅲ）导致斑马鱼肥满度降低,且氧化损伤明显加剧,这可能与TET损伤了抗氧化防御系统有关.值得注意的是,TET暴露后设置2周的恢复期,可减轻As（Ⅲ）对斑马鱼肝脏和肠道的损伤,其机理可能与生物对污染物的适应及交叉抗性相关.本研究的实验结果可为评估TET和As（Ⅲ）的联合毒性效应提供新的视角.     

珠三角城市群PM2.5和O3污染特征及VOCs组分敏感性分析

系统分析了珠三角城市群PM_2.5、O₃和挥发性有机物（VOCs）的污染特征,并筛选出对二次有机气溶胶（SOA）和O₃影响较大的敏感性组分。结果显示:珠三角城市群PM_2.5和O₃浓度的季节变化具有明显差异,PM_2.5和O₃分别在1月和10月出现浓度最高值。珠三角城市群VOCs主要以烷烃为主,占比为64.2%,其次为芳香烃和烯烃,含量较高的组分为丁烷、异戊烷、异丁烷和环己烷。SOA生成潜势贡献主要以芳香烃为主,占比为78.5%,其中甲苯、间,对-二甲苯和乙苯的SOA生成潜势最大。O₃生成潜势主要以烯烃为主,占比为42.3%,其次为芳香烃（34.2%）和烷烃（23.5%）,其中丙烯、异戊二烯和1-丁烯的O₃生成潜势最大。为有效缓解珠三角城市群PM_2.5和O₃污染,建议优先对机动车尾气、溶剂挥发、涂料使用和石化行业的VOCs敏感组分进行控制。