毛细管柱气相色谱法测定工作场所空气中的丙烯腈

为了建立采用毛细管柱测定工作场所空气中丙烯腈浓度的方法,使用活性炭管采集工作场所空气中的丙烯腈,二硫化碳溶液解吸,毛细管柱分离后,用氢火焰离子化检测器检测。结果显示:丙烯腈的检出限为0.73μg/ml,相关系数为0.9998,解吸效率94.3%～104.7%,相对标准偏差为0.41%～1.0%。因此,该方法灵敏度高、检测准确、操作性强,可提高丙烯腈的检测效率,适用于工作场所空气中丙烯腈的分析。     

半干法脱除球团烟气中的SO2及Hg0

采用钙基吸收剂及复合氧化剂半干法脱除模拟球团烟气中的SO_2及Hg~0,考察了多因素条件对吸收效果的影响。实验结果表明,在以NaClO和NaClO_2为复合氧化剂、 NaClO与NaClO_2体积比1∶0.5、复合氧化剂质量分数3%、反应温度110℃、钙基吸收剂质量3.0 g、模拟烟气进气流量1.2 L/min的条件下,SO_2和Hg~0的脱除率分别为98%和93%,证明钙基吸收剂与复合氧化剂对污染物球团烟气中的SO_2和Hg~0有良好的脱除作用。     

Efficacy of Si fertilization to modulate the heavy metals absorption by barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Silicon-based fertilizers and soil amendments can have direct and indirect positive influences on cultivated plants. The solid forms of Si-based substances, the most widespread in use, are efficient only at high application rates due to their low level of solubility. Several types of Si-based substances such as fumed silica, slags from the iron and steel industry, modified slags, and a Si-rich product were tested using barley and pea as silicon accumulative and non-accumulative plants, respectively, at two application rates. The plants were grown under toxic concentrations of heavy metals in a greenhouse. Si-rich materials high in water-soluble Si had a positive effect at both the low and high application rates, and for both plant species. This type of substance can be regarded as Si fertilizer, demonstrating greater efficiency at a low application rate and lessened efficiency at a high application rate for protection of the cultivated plants against accumulation of the heavy metals.

     

基于水质与浮游生物调查的汉石桥湿地富营养化评价

基于水质与浮游生物的综合调查与评价,可准确判断湿地的富营养化状况.本文以汉石桥湿地为研究对象,设置7个采样点,开展了水质、浮游植物、浮游动物分类监测与调查,并利用营养状态指数法、浮游植物评价法和浮游动物评价法3种方法,评价了水体富营养化状态,比较了各种方法的结果差异.结果表明,3种评价方法的评价结果在时空变化上具有较高的一致性,均显示非核心区富营养化程度较低,核心区富营养化水平较高;各月份相比,10月湿地的富营养化程度较低,6—8月富营养化程度较高.浮游植物和浮游动物评价法所得湿地富营养化程度较营养状态指数法略高,主要表现在4、10月的非核心区评价中.综合水质、浮游植物与浮游动物进行富营养化评价,可得到更为准确的评价结果.     

城市河流底泥中汞形态转化规律的研究

黄浦江某支流上海市区河段底泥中汞形态分布的一个显著特征是水溶态汞和酸溶态有机汞之和占很大的比例(8—18％)。通过底泥在静止河水作用下的转化试验,发现底泥中水溶态汞、酸溶态无机汞以及碱溶态汞占总汞的百分含量分别呈一级反应和二级反应的动力学规律而衰减,其它各形态汞则随时间呈指数增加,转化速率几乎均随温度升高而增大,但水溶态汞向水相的释放量甚微,不会污染水体。通过各形态含量之间的相关,发现各种汞形态最终均转化为稳定的王水溶态汞。     

高选择性手性酯酶产生菌的筛选及应用

从土壤中分离得到230株产酯酶菌株，经反复筛选，从中挑选出一株酶活及选择性均较高的菌株YQ231，该菌株所产酯酶能将外消旋的酯水解为手性醇（环戊烯酮），且该酶优先水解（R）-型酯。经生理生化试验鉴定，该细菌为不动杆菌属（Acinetobacter sp.）。研究了该菌株的产酶过程，结果表明：酶活在24h达最高值。同时研究了该菌株的催化特性，在反应12h时其转化率达48.8％，eep为92.3％，ees为70.3％。图3表2参9     

使用含铁基质的水平潜流人工湿地间隙水亚铁离子及理化环境的动态变化

使用富含铁基质的水平潜流人工湿地,运行过程中,由于内部氧化还原和p H条件的变化,可能会导致基质中铁溶出,致使间隙水中亚铁离子增加,进而影响污水去除效率.本研究以使用富含铁基质的香蒲人工湿地系统为研究对象,分析了其处理富含有机物污水时,内部间隙水的亚铁离子、氧化还原电位(ORP)和p H时空变化特点.研究结果表明,各位点间隙水都含有较高浓度亚铁离子,范围为8.23~462.86 mg·L-1,远远高于进水中亚铁含量,表明运行过程中,基质铁大量溶出;内部各位点ORP在-236~40 m V之间,变化范围较大,多数位点ORP均为负值,表明整个湿地内部大部分区域处于厌氧状态,是污水中较高浓度有机物降解导致;ORP在水深方向逐渐下降,污水沿程方向是逐渐升高的,夏季ORP整体较高,春秋季较低.亚铁离子变化特点与ORP相反,ORP高的情况下,亚铁离子浓度较低,表明亚铁离子浓度受ORP影响.湿地内部各位点处的p H空间变化范围不大,在6.44~7.97之间,仍维持在中性范围.结合p H和ORP的分布特征可以得知,间隙水中亚铁离子应是基质中铁氧化物特别是三价铁氧物,络合和还原解离共同的产物.     

Understanding the electrode reaction process of dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol over Ni/Fe nanoparticles: Effect of pH and 2,4-dichlorophenol concentration

Herein,with the exploitation of iron and nickel electrodes,the 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP)dechlorinating processes at the anode and cathode,respectively,were separately studied via various electrochemical techniques(e.g.,Tafel polarization,linear polarization,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy).With this in mind,Ni/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by chemical solution deposition,and utilized to test the dechlorination activities of 2,4-DCP over a bimetallic system.For the iron anode,the results showed that higher 2,4-DCP concentration and solution acidity aggravated the corrosion within the electrode.The charge transfer resistance(R_(ct))values of the iron electrode were 703,473,444,and 437Ω·cm~2 for the initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of0,20,50,and 80 mg/L,respectively.When the bulk pH of the 2,4-DCP solution varied from 3.0,5.0to 7.0,the corresponding R_(ct) values were 315,376,and 444Ω·cm~2,respectively.For the nickel cathode,the reduction current densities on the electrode at-0.75 V(vs.saturated calomel electrode)were 80,106,and 111μA/cm~2,for initial 2,4-DCP concentrations of 40,80,and125 mg/L.The dechlorination experiments demonstrated that when the initial pH of the solution was 7.0,5.0,and 3.0,the dechlorination percentage of 2,4-DCP by Ni/Fe nanoparticles was 62%,69%,and 74%,respectively,which was in line with the electrochemical experiments.10 wt.%Ni loading into Ni/Fe bimetal was affordable and gave a good dechlorination efficiency of 2,4-DCP,and fortunately the Ni/Fe nanoparticles remained comparatively stable in the dechlorination processes at pH 3.0.     

新冠疫情背景下建筑从业人员统计生命价值研究*

为研究建筑职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的统计生命价值（VOSL）,以成都市建筑从业者为对象采集数据,基于生存分析处理删失数据的特性,运用二分式条件价值法（CVM）和Kaplan-Meier法测算不同背景下的VOSL,运用COX回归对VOSL影响因素进行分析。研究结果表明:成都市建筑从业者在职业风险和新冠疫情风险下的VOSL分别为429.472,459.079万元,生命价值评估具有情境依赖性且存在“引导悖论”;2种风险背景下受访者学历、月收入及安全重视程度的提高均会增强支付意愿,而安全满意程度的提高则会降低支付意愿;职业风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为安全设备保障满意程度、重视程度和学历,新冠疫情风险下影响支付意愿的关键因素为卫生安全重视程度、学历和月收入。     

Circular economy pattern of livestock manure management in Longyou,China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The development of biogas programs in rural China has led to great economic, social, ecological and environmental benefits. The focus of this study...