青藏高原不同等级降水时空变化特征北大核心CSCD

利用1981-2019年青藏高原气象站的逐日降水量资料,研究青藏高原不同等级降水的空间分布特征和时间变化规律.结果表明:青藏高原主要以小雨和中雨为主,大雨和暴雨非常少.年平均不同等级降水日数和降水量总体均呈东南多、西北少的分布状态. 1981-2019年小雨等级降水日数总体呈不明显的减少趋势,高原东侧和东南侧显著减少;中雨等级的降水日数总体呈显著的增多趋势,显著站点主要出现在青海东北部和四川中部;大雨和暴雨等级降水日数总体为不显著的增多趋势.1981-2019年青藏高原不同等级降水量均呈增多趋势,其中小雨、中雨和大雨通过了95%置信度检验.进一步研究发现小雨等级降水日数的减少主要由0.1-1 mm的降水日数减少导致,而小雨等级降水量的增多则主要由6-10mm的降水量增加引起.综上所述,青藏高原不同等级降水日数和降水量均呈由东南向西北递减的分布特征,变化趋势的空间差异非常大,总体上小雨日数为减少趋势,其他等级降水日数和所有等级降水量呈增加趋势.(图10表1参31)     

Spatio-temporal variation of near-surface wind speed over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1970 to 2020北大核心CSCD

基于1970-2020年青藏高原区域及其附近154个气象站点的风速风向观测数据,采用线性拟合等方法,分析该地区年平均和季节平均近地面风速的时空分布特征和日变化特征.结果表明:(1)青藏高原区域1970-2020年年均风速在0.6-4.2m/s之间,青藏高原主体年均风速较高,高原周边地区风速较低;(2)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速呈极显著下降趋势,2000年以后呈极显著增加趋势;(3)青藏高原区域1970-2020年间近地面风速春季最大,冬、夏次之,秋季最小,不同季节平均风速均是高原主体大于高原周边,4个季节的平均风速均呈极显著降低趋势,春季平均风速降低的速率最大;(4)大气环流驱动力的减弱可能是青藏高原区域地面风速呈减弱趋势的主导性因素.青藏高原近地面风速显著的变化特征可为青藏高原风能资源开发利用、农林生态系统开发与保护等提供科学依据.(图5参46)     

Temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of sunshine duration over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau from 1961 to 2020北大核心CSCD

Based on observation data of daily sunshine duration from 1961 to 2020 at 175 meteorological observation stations over Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its surrounding areas, spatial transformation analysis, climate trend analysis and M-K mutation test were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the seasonal and annual sunshine duration in the region in the last 60 years. The results show that (1) annual average sunshine duration was 2 323 h, the maximum was 3 487 h in Gaer, Tibet, and the minimum was 771 h in Ya'an, Sichuan. The high-value areas were mostly located in western Tibet, northern Qinghai, western Gansu, and Xinjiang, and the low-value areas were mostly located in Nyingchi in Tibet, the mountainous area on the western edge of the Sichuan Basin, and northwestern Yunnan. The highest sunshine duration was recorded in winter (631 h), and the lowest was recorded in autumn (555 h) among the four seasons. (2) The average decrease in annual sunshine duration was 10.27 h/10 a. The largest rates of decrease were mainly in Gannan of Gansu and Ganzi of Sichuan, with the largest rate of decrease of 130 h/10 a. The areas with large rates of increase were mainly in Hotan area of Xinjiang, Liangshan of Sichuan and Lhasa of Tibet, with the largest increase of 61 h/10 a. Among the four seasons, spring exhibited an upward trend, and the remainder exhibited a downward trend. (3) Before 2017, the annual sunshine duration increased but declined after 2017. Spring sunshine duration had the largest number of mutation years, and the earliest mutation time was 1963. Winter had the fewest number of mutation years and the latest mutation time occurred in 2015. In summary, the annual and seasonal sunshine duration of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau vary greatly in space, but with the general characteristics of more sunshine in the northwest and less in the southeast, and sunshine hours were mainly decreasing, with 2017 as a mutation point of annual sunshine duration. Most areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have great potential for photosynthetic production and are suitable for the development of light-loving plants and high-density planting. Shade-loving or shade-tolerant plants, including tea, are suitable for development in remote mountainous areas with low sunshine values in the western part of the basin, including Ya’an, Sichuan, and other areas, such as Medog, Tibet. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Variation characteristics of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent 50 years北大核心CSCD

To provide scientific support for the rational development and utilization of thermal resources and avoid climate risks, the distribution of thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the context of climate change was analyzed in this study. Based on meteorological data from 1961 to 2020 at 149 stations in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the changes in thermal resources over the past 50 years were analyzed using inclination rate analysis and Mann-Kendall inspection, combined with JAVA and Python programming. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shows an obvious warming trend, and the temperature increases greatly after the 1990s, with the climate tendency rate from 1961 to 2020 reaching 0.298 ℃/10 a. (2) The accumulated temperature and lasting days steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃ and 10 ℃ increased significantly, and the accumulated temperature increases were not entirely determined by the duration of the lasting days. (3) The beginning dates of accumulated temperature steadily above 0 ℃, 5 ℃, and 10 ℃ were generally advanced, while the deadlines were delayed, and the trend of early start dates was stronger than that of deadlines. In conclusion, this study shows that, in the context of global warming, thermal resources in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have undergone substantial changes, which will play an important role in the introduction and extension of crops. © 2022 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

新阶段绿色小城镇建设路径和技术导则初探

绿色小城镇建设是绿色城乡建设的重要内容,也是实现生态文明和“双碳”目标的重要支撑。新阶段推进绿色小城镇建设的政策、法规和技术环境趋于成熟。本文在系统梳理相关理论研究和社会实践的基础上,辨析了新阶段绿色小城镇建设的推进路径,并构建了适应新阶段发展要求的绿色小城镇建设技术导则,提出立足全域全要素,系统推进绿色小城镇建设,并建议结合乡村振兴战略开展全国层面的绿色小城镇建设试点。     

佛手在川渝地区的生态适宜性及潜在分布

基于实地调查、文献查阅获取的佛手分布点位数据,利用MaxEnt软件分析影响佛手分布的关键环境因子,构建川渝地区潜在种植分布预估模型,并结合CMIP6推出的未来3种气候情景数据,预估2050s(2041-2060年)和2090s(2081-2100年)川渝地区的适生区域,旨在为野生资源调查保护、生态修复及人工生产培育和产业发展等方面提供科学参考.结果表明：(1)年温度范围(Bio7)、年降水量(Bio12)、人类足迹(Hf)、海拔(El)和季节性降水变异系数(Bio15)是影响佛手分布的主要环境因子.(2)当前(2000-2020年)气候情景,佛手在渝地区的高适生区面积为9.45×104km²,主要分布在除四川盆地北部外的其他底部区域,地形以海拔低于500 m的平原、丘陵及平行岭谷区的低丘与平坝为主,另外川西南山地的河谷平原及低山亦有零散分布;中适生面积为9.93×104km²,主要分布在四川盆地西北部、重庆东部及攀西高原,沿着高适生区的边缘向外扩展,地形以海拔500-1 000 m的低山区为主.(3)SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5和SSP...