A comparison analysis of the decoupling carbon emissions from economic growth in three industries of Heilongjiang province in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Growing environmental pressure urges China to develop in a sustainable and low carbon way, and thus China strives to achieve a carbon peak by 2030 and...     

异龙湖沉水植物分布格局与水环境因子相关性研究

异龙湖为中国云南九大高原湖泊之一,是处于草型向藻型湖泊转化节点上的典型高原湖泊,因历史原因,异龙湖东西湖区水环境条件差异较大,可较好的代表云南高原草型及藻型湖泊类型,因此研究异龙湖的沉水植物时空分布与水环境因子关系,对于我国高原湖泊的保护具有重要意义,且自1980年以来异龙湖沉水植物相关研究成果较少,因此,本研究在异龙湖开展为期一周年的水环境因子及沉水植物调查,对沉水植物分布格局及其与水环境因子之间相互关系进行了研究,以期为异龙湖的沉水植物研究留下珍贵的历史资料,并探索异龙湖沉水植物分布格局及其影响因子,为沉水植物恢复提供数据及技术支撑.结果表明:东西湖区沉水植物的群落结构具有显著差异,西湖区小茨藻(Najas minor All.)、狸藻(Utricularia vulgaris L)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)等为优势种,东湖区篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus L)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticilla-tum L)为优势种,且西湖区沉水植物的生物量及物种丰度显著高于东湖区.通过相关性分析看出水深、透明度、溶解氧是影响异龙湖沉水植物分布的主要环境因子,总氮、总磷、氨氮及pH是次要影响因子,异龙湖在现状条件下恢复沉水植物应针对不同湖区恢复采用不同的恢复策略,选择不同的沉水植物种类开展恢复工作.     

长三角绿色技术创新网络结构特征与优化策略

绿色技术创新作为区域技术创新体系的重要组成部分,是维持区域发展可持续性、增强区域竞争优势的重要驱动力.基于区域一体化的研究视角,通过采集长三角绿色技术专利合作及绿色技术转移数据,运用Gephi复杂网络分析方法,对长三角绿色技术创新网络进行结构分析.结果 表明:(1)长三角绿色技术创新网络发育程度较低,大量城市在绿色技术创新网络中较边缘化;(2)绿色技术创新依赖创新主体间知识互动,地理邻近促进了创新合作行为的产生和知识的扩散;(3)长三角绿色技术创新网络"强-强联系"与"核心-边缘"结构特征明显,绿色技术专利合作网络呈现"一超多强"的多中心格局,绿色技术转让网络呈现单中心格局;(4)区域一体化下,长三角绿色技术创新网络兼具邻近性和等级性特征,不同类型城市参与创新网络应有差异;进而,提出长三角绿色技术创新网络优化策略.创新点在于:建立了区域一体化与技术创新网络的关联,探讨了绿色技术创新的空间组织形式,强调了地理邻近对于绿色技术创新网络的重要性.     

基于"成本-能力-能效"的长江经济带城市韧性评估

通过构建城市韧性"成本-能力-能效"的评估模型,综合运用熵值法、主成分分析法、SBM模型、探索性空间数据分析和K-means聚类方法,对长江经济带126个城市的韧性进行综合定量评估,归纳总结城市韧性模式和聚类特征,并运用GWR模型分析影响韧性能力的成本因素,探究韧性效率的驱动机制.研究表明:(1)分维度来看,核心城市呈现韧性成本和韧性能力的"双高",韧性效率则由非核心城市引领.从均衡的角度来看,韧性成本、韧性能效具有明显的水平层级性,而韧性能力在城市间的分野相对不大.(2)综合来看,韧性成本和韧性能力随城市规模的扩张而逐渐增加,而韧性效率逐渐衰减;韧性模式具有明显的上中下游区际差异性:上游地区表现为"低耗低能高效",中游地区"低耗低能中效",下游地区为"高耗高能低效";韧性的空间联系兼有核心城市垂直极化和一般城市扁平抱团.(3)从机制看,全社会用电量、建成区面积和科技支出是影响城市韧性能力的主要成本因素,不同韧性模式的城市具有差异化的主控因素.研究对于完善城市韧性评价体系、丰富城市韧性评估视角和推动城市韧性建设具有重要的现实意义.     

The pollution halo effect of technology spillover and pollution haven effect of economic growth in agricultural foreign trade: two sides of the same coin?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect...     

两种水生昆虫头宽与基于图像分析的大小参数关系性分析

对于水生昆虫及其它生物而言,大小是一个重要的功能性状,但是头宽的测量特别耗时和受人为因素影响.随着计算机技术的发展,基于图像分析技术(一种快速测量大小的策略)可获得传统方式难以获得的大小参数,明确这些大小参数与头宽的关系,对推动这些参数的应用具有重要意义.选择两种个体大小差异较大的蜉蝣(梧州蜉和光滑细蜉)作为研究对象,对其头宽与基于数字图像获得的面积,周长,最小矩形的长和宽,最适合椭圆的长轴和短轴和粒径等个体大小参数的相关性进行研究.数字图像采用改进后的描述仪扫描获取;图像分析基于ImageJ软件完成;基于二元直线回归和多元直线回归分析各参数之间的相关性.各种层次的回归分析结果均表明:基于图像分析获得的两种蜉蝣所有个体大小参数均与头宽大小呈极其显著的正相关性,其中面积的相关性最高.并且面积与其它大小参数相关性也极其显著,对个体大小具有较好的代表性.研究结果为推动数字图像分析技术应用在水生昆虫及其它生物的生物学和生态学研究中提供了技术支持和理论依据.     

Comparison on surface properties and desulfurization of MnO2 and pyrolusite blended activated carbon by steam activation

In this study, MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the catalysts to prepare modified activated carbon, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively, from coals by blending method and steam activation. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) results indicated that the AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The relative contents of basic functional groups (i.e., C = O, π-π*) on AC-P were slightly lower than those on AC-Mn, while both contained the same main metal species, namely, MnO. The desulfurization results showed that with 3 wt% of blending ratio, AC-Mn3 and AC-P3 had higher sulfur capacities at 220 and 205 mg/g, respectively, which were much higher than for the blank one (149.6 mg/g). Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn, which might be attributed to the existence of other metals in pyrolusite. After the desulfurization process, MnO were gradually transferred into MnSO₄, and the relative contents of basic functional groups decreased evidently for both AC-Mn3 and AC-P3. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurization.

Implications: MnO₂ and pyrolusite were used as the additives to prepare modified activated carbon from coals by a blending method and by steam activation, that is, AC-Mn and AC-P, respectively. The AC-P had higher surface areas and micropore volumes than the AC-Mn with the same blending ratio. The AC-Mn and AC-P had higher sulfur capacities than a blank one. Moreover, the AC-P had relatively higher sulfur capacity than the AC-Mn with the same contents of Mn. The results demonstrated that pyrolusite could be one good alternative to MnO₂ to prepare modified activated carbon for desulfurizatio.     

Sustainable Use of Coffee Husks For Reinforcing Polyethylene Composites

The utilization of the coffee husk fiber (CHF) from the coffee industry as a reinforcing filler in the preparation of a cost-effective thermoplastic based composite was explored in this study. The chemical composition and thermal properties of the CHF were investigated and compared with those of wood fiber (WF). CHF proved to be mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and exhibited similar thermal behavior to WF. High density polyethylene (HDPE) composites with CHF loadings of from 40 to 70% were prepared using melt processing and extrusion. The processing properties, mechanical behavior, water absorption and thermal performance of these composites were investigated. The effect of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) used as a coupling agent on the composite was explored. The experimental results showed that increasing the CHF loading in the HDPE matrix resulted in an increase in the modulus and thermal properties of the composites, but resulted in poor water resistance. The addition of a 4% MAPE significantly improved the interfacial behavior of the hydrophilic lignocellulosic fiber and the hydrophobic polymer matrix.     

A comparative study of vocational education and occupational safety and health training in China and the UK

In order to enhance Chinese workers’ occupational safety awareness, it is essential to learn from developed countries’ experiences. This article investigates thoroughly occupational safety and health (OSH) in China and the UK; moreover, the article performs a comparison of Chinese and British OSH training-related laws, regulations and education system. The following conclusions are drawn: China’s work safety continues to improve, but there is still a large gap compared with the UK. In China a relatively complete vocational education and training (VET) system has been established. However, there exist some defects in OSH. In the UK, the employer will not only pay attention to employees’ physiological health, but also to their mental health. The UK’s VET is characterized by classification and grading management, which helps integrate OSH into the whole education system. China can learn from the UK in the development of policies, VET and OSH training.     

水环境指示生物筛选及水质评价方法研究

以齐齐哈尔市近30年地表水生物监测数据、理化监测数据为研究依据,提出一套基于指示生物的地表水体评价方法。该方法将地表水体划分为5个级别,并从中筛选出每个级别对应的指示生物,最终建立一套基于指示生物描述水体污染程度的评价体系。该方法以理化指标为基础,筛选多种优势种作为指示生物,对水体进行综合评价。相比单一生物监测评价指标,该评价方法更能反映整个生态系统状况,从而更客观地反映水体真实情况,有望为地表水体污染评价新方法的建立提供参考。