2种新分离微藻的生长、氮磷去除和营养特性的比较研究

为了解2种新分离微藻的净化和资源化潜力，研究比较了其生长、氮磷去除和营养特性。结果表明，栅藻和月牙藻的最大生物量（干重）分别为0．78g／L和0．53g／L；最大生物量（干重）增长速率分别为0．05g／（L·d）和0．03g／（L·d）。培养至第23天，栅藻和月牙藻对TN的去除率分别为85．1％和72．5％；对TP的去除率为82．6％和79．7％，但栅藻较月牙藻更易释放较多的No2--N进入藻液。稳定期时，栅藻、月牙藻的粗蛋白质含量和粗蛋白产量（干重）分别为31．8％、19．2％和0．24g／L、0．09g／L；粗脂含量和粗脂产量（干重）分别为7．81％、9．26％和0．06g／L、0．05g／L。综上，与月牙藻相比，栅藻具有明显的生长、氮磷去除和营养优势，在进行水产养殖废水的净化和资源化利用上可作为优选藻种。     

Iodine enrichment and the underlying mechanism in deep groundwater in the Cangzhou Region,North China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The lack of information on the origin and behavior of iodine in deep groundwater restricts the development and use of groundwater resources. To...     

基于WARMF模型的杭埠-丰乐河流域水文模拟研究

研究了WARMF模型在杭埠-丰乐河流域(巢湖流域最大支流)的水文模拟适应性能并进行了流域水文系统分析.利用AVSWAT2000模型将流域划分为37个子流域,利用流域地貌-土壤分布对应关系、土壤剖面结构、地下水位埋深等条件,确定了子流域的平面分组与剖面土层结构,较大程度上降低了流域模型参数校准的难度与不确定性.利用2000～2003年的水文观测数据,在参数灵敏度分析基础上,对模型水文参数进行了校准与检验.结果表明,WARMF在研究区具有较好的适应性能.WARMF模型与AVSWAT2000模型的水文模拟结果对比表明,WARMF模型具有更好的日拟合性能.基于模型的模拟结果,在空间尺度上定量分析了流域从降水开始到入湖的水循环过程,在时间尺度上分析了年内降雨、径流的分布及其对应关系.流域概化、模型的校准与检验以及流域水文时空变化的系统分析方法等对流域水文、环境的模拟研究与系统分析具有探索意义.     

土生空团菌培养基优化与摇瓶培养

在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验对CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5和SPOP2这4株土生空团菌[Cenococcumgeophilum Fr.(Cg)]的培养基配方分别进行了优化.结果发现,来源不同的Cg菌株对培养基组分需求存在一定差异,碳氮源、微量元素、无机盐以及维生素都不相同,CgSO1、CgSB2、CgO5对葡萄糖和麦芽汁的混合C源以及牛肉浸膏利用最好,SPOP2对麦芽汁以及酒石酸铵的利用最好,适量的微量元素、无机盐以及维生素B1会促进Cg的生长.经平板培养基优化后的培养基配方可应用到液体培养中,这4株Cg菌经液体培养后菌丝产量分别达到了13.2、12.4、18.9和15.1g/L,均可满足液体发酵的生产要求.     

膨润土强化畜禽粪便厌氧消化生产甲烷的探究

为探究膨润土(Be)对畜禽粪便厌氧消化性能的影响,(30±1)℃下进行Be强化畜禽粪便厌氧消化生产甲烷实验,并分析微生物结构。结果表明:(1)适量的Be能提高畜禽粪便产甲烷效率;提高溶解性有机碳(DOC),为后续酸化、产甲烷提供充足的基质;促进挥发性脂肪酸含量升高,为产甲烷古菌提供底料。当Be为3.0%(质量分数)时,甲烷日产量最高至268.5mL/d,第40天单位质量挥发性悬浮固体(VSS)的甲烷累积产量为(289.3±9.2)mL/g,DOC最大值为(5 985±142)mg/L,溶解性蛋白质为(3 015±118)mg/L,多糖最大值为(1 061±56)mg/L,乙酸在前10天急剧升高至(385±10)mg/L,戊酸最大值为(124±9)mg/L,VSS减量率为31.2%±1.3%。(2)Be的存在有利于提高厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度,当Be为3.0%时,厚壁菌门相对丰度为61.2%。     

Dynamic equity carbon permit allocation scheme to limit global warming to two degrees

Significant international collaboration is required to limit global temperature increase to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. Equity is the foundation of cooperation, and therefore, this study proposed a new dynamic carbon permit allocation scheme based on four principles: equality, historical responsibility, capability, and future development opportunities. Decision makers could have different preferences for allocating carbon permits, therefore, four equity rules or indicators (equality, responsibility, capacity, and sovereignty) were assigned different weights. Based on the global carbon budget of the 2 °C target, emission permits were calculated and relevant economic implications analyzed using the Global Change Assessment Model. Results indicated that developed countries should reduce emissions immediately, while allowances for developing regions could permit an initial increase in emissions until peaking. Applying different weights to the indicators resulted in multifarious regional allowances. Developed regions would benefit from the “preferring sovereignty” scenario and most developing countries would benefit under the “preferring responsibility” and “preferring capacity” scenarios. Compared with the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, this study found that in the short term, developed countries might insist on sovereignty as the preferred indicator. However, preferring sovereignty would place substantial mitigation pressures on developing countries in the long term. Therefore, in addressing global climate change, a dynamic choice in the weighting distribution for different indicators might be conducive to international agreement. Furthermore, a market-based trading instrument could help all participants both mitigate global climate change by reducing regional and global costs and facilitate mitigation capital flow from developed to less developed regions.     

Photochemical degradation of six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners under ultraviolet irradiation in hexane

The photodegradation of six individual PBDE congeners (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 183) in hexane was investigated under UV light in the sunlight region, employing a mercury lamp filtered with Pyrex glass. All photodegradation reactions followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics, with the half-lives ranging from 0.26h for BDE-183 to 6.46h for BDE-100. The photochemical reaction rates of PBDEs decreased with decreasing number of bromine substituents in the molecule, also in some cases were influenced by the PBDE substitution pattern. Principal photoproducts detected were less brominated PBDEs, and no PBDE-solvent adducts were found. Consecutive reductive debromination was confirmed as the main mechanism for the photodegradation of PBDEs in hexane. In general, debromination firstly occurred on the more substituted rings, when the numbers of bromine atoms on the two phenyl rings were unequal. For less brominated PBDEs, the photoreactivity of bromines at various positions of phenyl rings decreased in the order: ortho>para; while for higher brominated PBDEs, the difference became not significant.     

生物滴滤塔对疏水性VOCs气体的去除及其生物膜特性研究

利用正己烷降解菌Pseudomonas mendocina NX-1和二氯甲烷（DCM）降解菌Methylobacterium rhodesianum H13强化生物滴滤塔（BTF）同时净化不同疏水性的正己烷和DCM混合废气,研究了挂膜启动阶段及稳定运行阶段BTF对污染物的去除性能与限制因素及生物膜相的特性变化.结果表明,在正己烷和DCM浓度均为100 mg·m^-3,停留时间（EBRT）为60 s的条件下,运行25 d即可完成BTF的启动,正己烷和DCM的去除率分别可达到65%和100%.系统稳定运行时,正己烷和DCM的最大去除负荷分别为16.1 g·m^-3·h^-1和92.0 g·m^-3·h^-1.正己烷和DCM的去除过程分别受到传质限制与反应限制影响.BTF稳定运行后,塔内生物膜胞外聚合物（EPS）中蛋白质（PN）含量逐渐增加至启动时的2.7倍,蛋白质与多糖的比值（PN/PS）从0.28增加至0.96.生物膜表面相对疏水性从21%增加至66%,Zeta电位从-12.7 mV降低至-9.2 mV.压降的模拟结果与实验数据良好拟合（R²>0.96）.     

建筑“三宝”的防护原理及主要质量问题分析

本文介绍了建筑“三宝”的防护原理,并针对安全帽、安全网、安全带产品在检测过程中常见的主要质量问题,进行了原因分析.     

Introduction of geomechanical restoration method and its implications for reservoir assessment of unconventional oil-gas resource in China

New technologies are in urgent need of unconventional hydrocarbon exploration and development in China.This paper provides a brief introduction and analysis of a new three-dimensional(3D)geomechanical restoration method developed in recent years.After an in-depth discussion on the technical principle and specific characteristics of the fields,we designed a feasible workflow for two oil-gas fields with great unconventional oil-gas resource potentials in China(Weiyuan and Jiulongshan oil-gas fields of Sichuan).After discussing the major challenges and limitations of the new technology,we also suggest its research efforts and future application prospect It is shown that the new technology will be an effective method to facilitate the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources in China.