Iodine enrichment and the underlying mechanism in deep groundwater in the Cangzhou Region,North China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The lack of information on the origin and behavior of iodine in deep groundwater restricts the development and use of groundwater resources. To...     

环境水样阴离子表面活性剂光度测定法

本文通过实验研究,提出了对河水及生活废水阴离子表面活性剂的水相直接测定方法,此方法具有简便、快速的特点,且有良好的准确性和再现性。     

NaOH/Na2CO3共解聚铜冶炼渣及砷铅去除研究

铜冶炼渣中砷、铅的经济有效去除是其无害化的关键,而去除效果受限于铁橄榄石结构的影响.本研究提出了一种通过NaOH/Na₂CO₃碱共解聚耦合酸浸去除铜冶炼渣中砷、铅的环境友好策略,系统优化了影响碱共解聚过程及酸浸过程金属浸出效果的工艺参数,评估了处理后残渣的环境风险,同时通过多项表征手段研究了NaOH/Na₂CO₃对铜冶炼渣的共解聚机制.结果表明,在碱共解聚最佳条件下,砷浸出率为62.66%,铅几乎没有浸出;在酸浸过程中33.57%的砷和96.55%的铅被进一步浸出;最终,砷、铅的总浸出率分别达到96.23%和96.55%.处理后铜冶炼渣中砷和铅的含量分别从1002.5 mg·kg^-1和5343.1 mg·kg^-1大幅降低到112.1 mg·kg^-1和170.2 mg·kg^-1,同时,处理后残渣的浸出毒性低于标准限值.XRD、SEM-EDS mapping、FTIR表征结果表明,铜冶炼渣的铁橄榄石相被分解,并暴露出...     

微生物降解有机磷农药的研究进展

利用微生物及其酶降解有机磷农药行之有效。以乐果、甲基对硫磷、甲胺磷、杀螟硫磷和毒死蜱为有机磷农药的代表，从可降解这些有机磷农药的微生物的筛选、基因工程菌的构建、生物降解酶的研究及其应用3个方面进行了综述，指出了未来的研究方向。     

事故的突变论

事故是系统运动发生的突变。事故潜势是系统在运动过程中所存在的发生事故的可能性。在参量空间 ,用系统参量演化相对于分岔点 (集 )的度量 ,建立事故潜势的数学表达式。事故潜势反映了事故发生的本质特征和机理 ,为预防事故提供了理论依据。     

Controls on the spatial distribution of iodine in groundwater in the Hebei Plain,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the Hebei Plain of North China, 70% of the inhabitants depend on groundwater for drinking water. Little is known regarding high-iodine...     

A lab-scale study on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification for nitrogen control in aquatic ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) loss is generally caused by denitrification under anaerobic conditions and the N loss in the heterotrophic nitrification_aerobic...     

粤港澳大湾区典型固废综合处置园区能量代谢特征研究

我国城市固体废物种类多、来源广、产量大,不同固废处置方式不尽相同,但均面临能耗高、二次污染大等问题.本研究从物质流及投入产出分析视角出发,构建了城市多源固废处置能量代谢分析框架及其评价指标体系,并以位于中国粤港澳大湾区唯一的国家级资源循环利用园区为例,通过设置固废单独处置、固废物质协同处置和固废物质能量耦合协同处置3种模式情景,分别从投入、产出和效率3个方面对其能量代谢特征进行综合分析和评估.结果表明,从能源消耗角度来看,物质协同处置能源消耗高出单独处置27.54%,而物质能量耦合协同处置由于实现了余热余能内部回用,其能源消耗较单独处置减少了3.73%.从能量损失情况来看,通过物质协同和物质能量耦合协同,能量损失率从单独处置模式下的73.17%分别降到了65.82%和63.41%,其中废气赋存作为主要能量损失途径占比接近50.00%.从能效角度来看,物质能量耦合协同模式下,能源消耗强度比单独处置和物质协同处置模式下分别降低了11.54%和17.03%,但其能量循环利用率也仅仅只达到了12.22%.综上所述,加强城市多源固废集中化协同处置,可以增强其资源能源替代效应,降低区域生态环境风险,但各种低温烟气及废水的余热利用仍是未来我国固废协同处置下能碳双控的重要方向.同时本研究为城市多源固废处置能量代谢优化过程提供了一套可量化评估的方法和指标体系,将有助于促进我国城市固废综合利用行业绿色低碳循环发展目标的进一步实现.     

Responses of kinetics and capacity of phenanthrene sorption on sediments to soil organic matter releasing

Soil organic matter (SOM) releasing with dissolved organic matter (DOM) formed in solution was confirmed in a sediment/water system, and the effects of SOM releasing on the sorption of phenanthrene on sediments were investigated. Inorganic salt (0–0.1 mol L^?1 NaCl) was used to adjust SOM releasing, and two sediments were prepared, the raw sediment (S1) from Weihe River, Shann’xi, China, and the eluted sediments with and without DOM supernatant remained, termed as S2a and S2b, respectively. The FTIR and ¹H NMR analysis indicate that the low molecular weight hydrophilic SOM fraction released prior to the high molecular weight hydrophobic fraction. As a response, phenanthrene sorption kinetics on S1 showed atypical and expressed as three stages: rapid sorption, pseudo sorption with partial desorption, and slow sorption, thus a defined “sorption valley” occurred in kinetic curve. In all cases, partition dominates the sorption, and sorption capacity (K_d) ranked as S2b > S1 > S2a. Compared with the alterations of sediment characters, DOM solubilization produced by SOM releasing exhibited a greater inhibitory effect on sorption with a relative contribution of 0.67. Distribution coefficients (K_doc) of PHE into DOM clusters were 2.10?×?10⁴–4.18?×?10⁴ L kg^?1, however a threshold concentration of 6.83 mg L^?1 existed in DOM solubilization. The study results will help to clarify PAHs transport and their biological fate in a sediment/water system.     

Debromination of 1,4-Dibromobenzene and 4,4′-Dibromobiphenyl: A Model for Cleansing of PCBs

The aim of this study is to develop a catalytic method which has advantages over current method to detoxify and degrade environmentally harmful polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). A variety of catalysts have been employed in a preliminary study on 1,4-dibromobenzene and 4,4-dibromobiphenyl which may be considered to represent simple analogues of PCBs. The most satisfactory catalysts are those involving [Pd(dppf)] [dppf = 1,1-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene], generated in situ from PdCl2(dppf) or Pd(dppf)2. In the presence of the reducing reagent, namely NaBH4, debromination has been achieved at relative mild conditions with high product yields (> 70%). Thus, our results indicate the possibility of dechlorination of PCBs with such catalysts.