成层土中考虑衰变作用的污染物迁移规律分析

针对一些有机污染物溶质具有衰变的性质以及土质衬里和地基土等存在着成层性的特点,建立了成层土中考虑衰变作用的污染物迁移计算模型,采用分离变量法获得了解析解,编制了相应的程序。通过对典型算例的计算,并与经典的GAEA Pollute软件的计算结果进行了对比分析,两者结果基本一致,证明了所提方法的正确性和可靠性。所提分析方法可供污染物填坑衬里初步设计参考。     

报废汽车拆解厂建设投资案例的经济效益分析

随着汽车保有量的增加,大量的报废汽车随之产生.为了保护环境和实现产品的再生利用,报废汽车回收产业的发展迫在眉睫.以我国南方某报废汽车拆解厂投资建设项目为案例,根据2万台/年生产纲领规划设计的相关信息,进行投资估算和经济效益分析,其分析结果为相关的报废汽车回收拆解企业投资建设提供参考.     

Decomposition of NO in automobile exhaust by plasma–photocatalysis synergy

The combination of plasma discharge and TiO₂ photocatalysis exhibits high performances in the removal of nitrogen monoxide (NO). This article is aimed at elucidating the relationships between NO decomposition efficiency and various experimental parameters, including voltages, humidity and temperature. The experimental results indicate that the efficiency of NO removal by synergic plasma-catalyst coupling is significantly higher than plasma only or photocatalyst only systems. Moreover, the NO removal efficiency improves with the increase of applied voltage. Meanwhile, a higher humidity results in a reduced number of electron–hole pairs at the surface of TiO₂ photocatalyst, leading to lower synergic purification efficiencies. Finally, the efficiency of NO removal is raised with the increase of temperature due to the fact that the adsorption of NO and water by nano-TiO₂ is affected by environmental temperature.     

Application of digital technologies about water network in steel industry

To improve the efficiency of water use and reuse, a digitalized water network system was implemented in a steel industrial complex. The system consisted of four parts: online instrument and sensing devices, programmable logic controller, data communication network and control center based on expert knowledge. The system achieved real-time monitoring, diagnosis, and early warning of cooling water system using data collected inline, and enabled data connectivity and transmission of self-developed software applications on personal computer. This research used a steel enterprise as a case study. After the analysis of its cooling water system and water-saving potential using water balance test, a digitalized water network was evaluated and implemented, and we believe this network can be suitable for steel industry in general.     

Development pattern and enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China

Along with the increasing number of automotive output and End-of-Life vehicles (ELVs) in China, resources shortage and environmental pollution are aggravating, so the tremendous need to reuse automotive components gives birth to the industry. The Chinese government becomes to realize that it is necessary to build a conservation-oriented and environment-friendly harmonious society. As the ultimate form of recycling, remanufacturing will be an effective method to promote the development of Chinese circular economy. The automotive remanufacturing industry in China is just at the preliminary stage, this paper presents some problems before remanufacturing, during remanufacturing and after remanufacturing, and then it points out several barriers, such as restrictive policies and regulations, consumer acceptance, scarcity of technologies, etc. Like many other developed countries, Chinese remanufacturing industry will also experience the primary stage, growth stage and developed stage. while the emphasis of resources input will not be the same. By analyzing the resources input characteristics at different development stages, three development patterns, such as the Government Incenting Pattern, Technology Driving Pattern and Market Leading Pattern, are put forward. At present, the cooperation of the government, industry, universities and research institutes, etc, will jointly construct the enhancing system of automotive components remanufacturing industry in China. Finally, it concludes with a summary and some suggestions in the field.     

最优化集成方法在城市臭氧数值预报中的应用研究

基于多模式(NAQPMS、CMAQ、CAMx、WRF-Chem)空气质量数值预报业务系统的滚动预报结果,结合站点观测资料,评估了最优化集成方法在城市臭氧数值预报中的可行性和预报效果。一年的评估结果表明:当训练期为15 d时,最优化集成方法能够得到相对较好的结果。总体而言,最优化集成方法对城市臭氧浓度变化趋势和浓度水平的预报效果明显优于单个模式,且在大部分城市优于多模式的最优预报,其预报值和观测的相关系数提高0.11以上,均方根误差降低约10μg/m~3;该方法对城市臭氧污染等级的预报能力也明显优于单个模式,特别是轻、中度污染。此外,在模拟偏差较大的城市,最优化集成方法对预报效果的改进更为显著;在模拟偏差较小的城市,该方法仍可进一步提升预报效果。     

边坡地震响应数值模拟中最优边界范围研究∗

在边坡地震响应数值模拟中,科学合理地选取边坡计算模型的边界范围是决定模拟结果准确性的关键因素之一。基于有限元数值模拟方法,分别建立了边坡前缘和后缘两组边界尺寸不同的概化模型,选取了两条不同特性的实际地震动记录作为输入,计算了各边坡模型的动力响应,探索了边坡前缘和后缘尺寸的影响规律,验证了远置边界在边坡地震稳定性分析中的可用性。结果表明：(1)在边坡地震响应数值模拟中,边坡模型的前缘尺寸应至少设定为坡高的 2 倍、后缘尺寸应至少设定为坡高的 4 倍,才能避免边界的地震波反射叠加效应,以便得到更为准确的模拟结果;(2)设置黏弹性边界和远置边界工况下得到的边坡地震安全系数相差 0.02,说明合理的远置边界可以运用到边坡地震稳定性分析当中。     

A lab-scale study on heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification for nitrogen control in aquatic ecosystem

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nitrogen (N) loss is generally caused by denitrification under anaerobic conditions and the N loss in the heterotrophic nitrification_aerobic...     

基于DEA-Malmquist-Tobit模型的河南省生态效率研究

从考虑污染变量角度运用SE-DEA模型对河南省2007-2012年的生态效率进行静态评价,通过Malmquist指数分析了生态效率的动态变化趋势,并结合Tobit回归探讨了生态效率的影响因素。结果表明:2007-2012年河南省生态效率(静态)总体上呈平稳上升趋势;河南省各地市(洛阳、许昌除外)生态效率(动态)呈现随时间进步特征,生态效率的改善主要是技术进步的作用所致,受技术效率变动影响较小;经济规模和产业结构是阻碍生态效率提高的主要因素,而市场化程度显著促进了生态效率的提高;环境保护支出对生态效率有明显的促进作用;进出口贸易和外商投资分别对生态效率产生一定的负向和正向影响。     

Interaction of silver nanoparticles with pure nitrifying bacteria

In this study, Nitrosomonas europaea ATCC 19718 was exposed to silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different particle size (7 ± 3 and 40 ± 14 nm) and different coatings (polyvinyl alcohol and adenosine triphosphate disodium). For all different AgNPs used in the study, large aggregates were gradually formed after addition of AgNPs into the media containing N. europaea. The scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the microstructures suggested that bacterial cells and electrolytes had significant effects on AgNP aggregation. Size- and coating-dependent inhibition of ammonia oxidation by AgNPs was observed, and our analysis suggested that the inhibition was not only due to the released dissolved silver, but also the dispersity of AgNPs in the culture media. Electron microscopy images showed AgNPs could cause the damage of cell wall of N. europaea and make the nucleoids disintegrated and condensed next to cell membrane. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals also implied the damage of cell membrane caused by AgNPs. Further protein expression analysis revealed that AgNPs would inhibit important protein functions, including biosynthesis, gene expression, energy production and nitrification to further cause toxicity to N. europaea. Our findings explain the susceptibility of N. europaea to inhibition by AgNPs and the possible interaction between each other. Future research is needed to characterize these effects in more complex cultures and media such as activated sludge and wastewater.