耕地质量地球化学评价及应用研究——以重庆市荣昌区为例

基于Arcgis平台,以耕地图斑为评价单元,对重庆市荣昌区耕地质量进行了地球化学评价及其应用研究。结果表明,研究区耕地土壤质量较好,地球化学等级以中等为主,占耕地总面积的74.44%,优质和良好等级占24%。土壤养分综合等级以中等为主,有机质、氧化钙和磷元素较缺乏,钾、硫、锌等多种元素较丰富。土壤环境质量总体较好,清洁和轻微污染区面积较大,轻度至重度污染区不足1%,土壤污染主要由Cd元素引起。耕地质量地球化学评价可广泛应用于耕地分等定级、基本农田划定、土地整治和农业生产活动中。     

碳酸盐与磷酸盐对Biohydrogenbacterium R3sp.nov.产氢发酵效能的影响

采用NH4HCO3、NaHCO3、Na2CO3、K2HPO4、KH2HPO4、NaH2PO4和Na2HPO4作为碳酸盐和磷酸盐缓冲溶液源,研究其对Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.产氢发酵效能的影响.研究发现,碳酸盐对Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.反应体系中的pH值都具有较好的缓冲作用,而磷酸盐的添加对其产氢效能的促进作用较明显.反应器内添加了Na2HPO4与K2HPO4的Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.的氢气产量与氢气含量达到最高值,分别为1978.56 mL、44.1％与2160.9 mL、45.8％,此时反应器内的pH值分别为3.28和3.41,细胞浓度分别为1.03 g·L-1和1.21 g·L-1,添加了Na2HPO4的Biohydrogenbacterium R3 sp.nov.的乙醇和乙酸产量分别为4841.49 mg·L-1和2064.94 mg·L-1;而添加了Na2CO3的氢气产量、氢气含量、细胞浓度与反应器内pH值分别为1064.42 mL、35.96％、1.23 g·L-1与3.81,此时乙醇、乙酸的产量分别为3862.21 mg·L-1和1930.86 mg·L-1.     

多点交替进水阶式A2/O工艺强化脱氮除磷

为强化CMICAO(多点交替进水阶式A2/O)工艺的脱氮除磷性能,通过调整进水C/N〔ρ(COD_Cr)/ρ(TN)〕、进水端厌氧池和缺氧池的进水流量比对CMICAO工艺参数进行优化,考察其对氮、磷去除的影响. 结果表明:试验条件下,C/N的提高可增强SND(同步硝化反硝化)作用,氮的去除效果也随之提高,C/N≥7时,前好氧池同步硝化反硝化率达到61%,出水ρ(TN)≤9.0 mg/L;在相同工况下,较低的C/N下反硝化除磷现象更明显. 综合考虑,C/N在5~7范围内,可取得较好的整体脱氮除磷效果. 优化工艺进水碳源分配可提高碳源利用效率,氮、磷的去除效果受进水流量比的影响较大,当厌氧池和缺氧池进水流量比为2.0时,可强化缺氧池的反硝化除磷作用,TN和TP去除率分别为75%和92%,出水ρ(COD_Cr)、ρ(NH+₄-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)分别为28.7、1.9、9.2和0.27 mg/L,通过优化实现了CMICAO工艺对氮、磷去除的强化.      

西南某煤矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价

为了解西南某煤矿周边农用地土壤重金属污染状况,分析测试了84件表层土壤样品8种重金属元素,进行了重金属污染评价和生态风险评价。结果表明,研究区土壤重金属均高于渝西地区背景值,Cd污染较明显。从潜在生态危害风险评价看,Hg、Cd是主要生态危害元素。     

渝西经济区土壤地球化学基准值与背景值及元素分布特征

基于渝西经济区多目标区域地球化学调查资料,采用正态和对数正态法,获得了土壤54种元素(指标)的地球化学基准值和背景值,并研究其分布特征;同时分析了岩石风化成土过程元素的富集贫化规律,以及表层土壤元素分布特征。结果表明,与全国土壤相比,该区重金属元素Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni基准值较高,As较低,Pb、Zn、Cu与全国值相当;多数重金属元素和植物营养元素背景值偏高,仅K、Mn、P、Cl元素背景值低于全国水平。对比土壤背景值与基准值,发现多数元素(指标)背景值与基准值相当,说明表生作用和人为活动对表层土壤影响较小;而Se、Hg、S、N等14种元素在表层土壤富集,人为输入作用显著。不同母岩区表层土壤元素(指标)分布表现为,碳酸盐岩区多数元素含量较高;就不同pH值范围而言,CaO、MgO、K2O、P以及除Hg以外的重金属元素均在碱性环境含量较高,SiO2在酸性环境含量高,较多元素(指标)在中性环境中趋于稳定。     

Simplified creation of polyester fabric supported Fe-based MOFs by an industrialized dyeing process: Conditions optimization, photocatalytics activity and polyvinyl alcohol removal

MIL-53(Fe) was successfully prepared and deposited on the surface carboxylated polyester (PET) fiber by an optimized conventional solvothermal or industrialized high temperature pressure exhaustion (HTPE) process to develop a PET fiber supported MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst ([email protected]) for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water under light emitting diode (LED) visible irradiation. On the basis of several characterizations, [email protected] was tested for the photocalytic ability and degradation mechanism. It was found that temperature elevation significantly enhanced the formation and deposition of MIL-53(Fe) with better photocatalytic activity. However, higher temperature than 130°C was not in favor of its photocatalytic activity. Increasing the number of surface carboxyl groups of the modified PET fiber could cause a liner improvement in MIL-53(Fe) loading content and photocatalytic ability. High visible irradiation intensity also dramatically increased photocatalytic ability and PVA degradation efficiency of [email protected] Na₂S₂O₈ was used to replace H₂O₂ as electron acceptor for further promoting PVA degradation in this system. [email protected] prepared by HTPE process showed higher MIL-53(Fe) loading content and slightly lower PVA degradation efficiency than that prepared by solvothermal process at the same conditions. These findings provided a practical strategy for the large-scale production of the supported MIL-53(Fe) as a photocatalyst in the future.