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排序方式: 共有116条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Maurizio Onofrio Roberta Spataro Serena Botta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(6):3917-3929
The paper aims at investigating the contribution of a steel plant located in a rural area in northwestern Italy (700,000 tons of steel/year) to the deposition fluxes of Polychorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Polychorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) at local level through the analysis of sampling data, literature data, and air dispersion model (AERMOD)output data. Total measured deposition fluxes of PCDD/PCDFs in three monitoring stations were consistent with other studies carried out in Italy in urban and suburban areas and in rural European areas; while these were lower than those measured in other European urban/suburban areas or in sites influenced by industrial sources. Furthermore, the measured fluxes were also compared with the pattern of PCDD/Fs in ambient air sampled at the same sites in a previous study. This comparison showed a similarity between air concentration and deposition patterns of the samples collected at the three monitoring stations and a clear distinction of these from the source. The study was completed with AERMOD simulations, conducted with a mass mean particle diameter of 0.5 μm, according to the particle size distribution of the samples collected at the source. AERMOD calculated deposition fluxes of two to three orders of magnitude lower than those measured in two monitoring points; while in the most distant monitoring station, the deposition fluxes were too low to be calculated by the model. The simulations confirmed that the most distant monitoring station was not subject to emissions from the steel plant. The analysis highlighted the limited influence of the source in the local PCDD/F deposition fluxes. 相似文献
2.
Cesaro Alessandra Marra Alessandra Belgiorno Vincenzo Siciliano Antonietta Guida Marco 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2018,20(2):1188-1198
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors represent currently one of the most produced category of electronic waste. In CRTs most of the glass components... 相似文献
3.
Pasquale Avino Maurizio Manigrasso 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2017,24(16):13908-13920
Many studies show that particle toxicity increases with decreasing their size, emphasizing the role of submicrometric particles, in particular of ultrafine particles (<100 nm). In fact, particles greater than 2.5 μm are quickly removed through dry and wet deposition on the timescale of hours whereas submicrometer particles may reside in atmosphere for weeks, penetrate in indoor environment, and be long-range transported. High aerosol size resolution measurements are important for a correct assessment of the deposition efficiency in the human respiratory system, and time resolution is another important requisite. Starting from such considerations, time-resolved aerosol particle number size distributions have been measured in downtown Rome. Fast Mobility Particle Sizer (FMPS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) measurements have been carried out at the INAIL’s Pilot Station, located in downtown Rome, in an area characterized by high density of autovehicular traffic. The two instruments have allowed to investigate deeply the urban aerosol in the range of 5.6–560 and 3.5–117 nm, respectively. In particular, the FMPS measurements have confirmed the interpretation about the transition phenomena in the time interval of few seconds, timescale typically associated with the emission of gasoline and diesel engines. In downtown Rome, the hourly average size distribution is bimodal or trimodal with maxima at about 5–15, 20–30, and 70–100 nm. Particle formation in the nucleation mode was associated to freshly emitted autovehicular exhaust. 相似文献
4.
5.
Siotto M Sezenna E Saponaro S Innocenti FD Tosin M Bonomo L Mezzanotte V 《Journal of environmental management》2012,93(1):31-37
In modern intensive agriculture, plastics are used in several applications (i.e. mulch films, drip irrigation tubes, string, clips, pots, etc.). Interest towards applying biodegradable plastics to replace the conventional plastics is promising. Ten monomers, which can be applied in the synthesis of potentially biodegradable polyesters, were tested according to ASTM 5988-96 (standard respirometric test to evaluate aerobic biodegradation in soil by measuring the carbon dioxide evolution): adipic acid, azelaic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1,2-ethanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, lactic acid, glucose, sebacic acid, succinic acid and terephthalic acid. Eight replicates were carried out for each monomer for 27-45 days. The numerical code AQUASIM was applied to process the CO? experimental data in order to estimate values for the parameters describing the different mechanisms occurring to the monomers in soil: i) the first order solubilization kinetic constant, K(sol) (d?1); ii) the first order biodegradation kinetic constant, K(b) (d?1); iii) the lag time in biodegradation, t(lag) (d); and iv) the carbon fraction biodegraded but not transformed into CO?, Y (-). The following range of values were obtained: [0.006 d?1, 6.9 d?1] for K(sol), [0.1 d?1, 1.2 d?1] for K(b), and [0.32-0.58] for Y; t(lag) was observed for azelaic acid, 1,2-ethanediol, and terephthalic acid, with estimated values between 3.0 e 4.9 d. 相似文献
6.
Valentina Cabbai Maurizio Ballico Eleonora Aneggi Daniele Goi 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(7):1626-1632
The aim of this study is to characterize different types of source selected organic fraction of municipal solid waste (SS-OFMSW) in order to optimize the upgrade of a sewage sludge anaerobic digestion unit by codigestion. Various SS-OFMSW samples were collected from canteens, supermarkets, restaurants, households, fruit–vegetable markets and bakery shops. The substrates characterization was carried out getting traditional chemical–physical parameters, performing elemental analysis and measuring fundamental anaerobic digestion macromolecular compounds such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and volatile fatty acids. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests were conducted at mesophilic temperature both on single substrates and in codigestion regime with different substrates mixing ratios. The maximum methane yield was observed for restaurant (675 NmlCH4/gVS) and canteens organic wastes (571 and 645 NmlCH4/gVS). The best codigestion BMP test has highlighted an increase of 47% in methane production respect sewage sludge digestion. 相似文献
7.
Organic Farming Benefits Local Plant Diversity in Vineyard Farms Located in Intensive Agricultural Landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The majority of research on organic farming has considered arable and grassland farming systems in Central and Northern Europe,
whilst only a few studies have been carried out in Mediterranean agro-systems, such as vineyards, despite their economic importance.
The main aim of the study was to test whether organic farming enhances local plant species richness in both crop and non-crop
areas of vineyard farms located in intensive conventional landscapes. Nine conventional and nine organic farms were selected
in an intensively cultivated region (i.e. no gradient in landscape composition) in northern Italy. In each farm, vascular
plants were sampled in one vineyard and in two non-crop linear habitats, grass strips and hedgerows, adjacent to vineyards
and therefore potentially influenced by farming. We used linear mixed models to test the effect of farming, and species longevity
(annual vs. perennial) separately for the three habitat types. In our intensive agricultural landscapes organic farming promoted
local plant species richness in vineyard fields, and grassland strips while we found no effect for linear hedgerows. Differences
in species richness were not associated to differences in species composition, indicating that similar plant communities were
hosted in vineyard farms independently of the management type. This negative effect of conventional farming was probably due
to the use of herbicides, while mechanical operations and mowing regime did not differ between organic and conventional farms.
In grassland strips, and only marginally in vineyards, we found that the positive effect of organic farming was more pronounced
for perennial than annual species. 相似文献
8.
Maurizio Bevilacqua Flavio Caresana Gabriele Comodi Paola Venella 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(18):1822-1832
A life cycle assessment (LCA) of a domestic cooker hood was conducted. Cradle-to-grave analysis was performed using the GaBi software with Eco-Indicator 99 (Egalitarian Approach). The most polluting phases were “manufacturing” and “use”, the environmental impact being affected especially by production materials and the electricity consumed during the product’s lifespan. The study also highlighted that the hood’s environmental impact is closely related to the local power grid mix. This aspect was further analyzed by entering the data for operating it both in Italy and in France. Finally, the improvements obtained by replacing the single-phase electrical motor with an inverter-driven three-phase induction one and the halogen lamps with Light Emitting Diode (LED) lamps were assessed with the LCA. These changes entail an improvement of the environmental impact of 36% in Italy and of 24% in France. 相似文献
9.
Stefano Raccanelli Simone Libralato Maurizio Favotto 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2008,6(4):251-258
Rearing benthic bivalves that are contaminated by persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in areas with low pollution levels
permits their natural detoxification. Here, we present the results of novel detoxification experiments conducted with the
Manila clam (Tapes philippinarum) in the Venice Lagoon; these experiments were conducted both in summer and winter. Measurements of dioxins (PCDD), furans
(PCDF), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations in clam flesh over time after their resettlement
in cleaner areas allowed for determining the minimum time required to reach safe toxicity levels. Moreover, dioxin fingerprint
dynamics demonstrated successful detoxification from industrial contaminants. A simple bioaccumulation/detoxification model
applied to the collected data provided for the first time estimation of detoxification rates and half-lives for POP congeners
in clam flesh. This work provides a basis for considering natural detoxification as a viable solution for safely exploiting
resources otherwise restricted from human consumption due to associated health risks. 相似文献
10.