生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析

试验研究了序批式生物膜复合系统在不同有机负荷下氮磷等营养物质的去除特性.结果表明,复合系统在COD负荷为0.35kg.kg-1.d-1(以MLSS计)时能够很好解决脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾,TP、TN、NH4+-N去除率分别能达到96%、89%和96%,高于对照组的SBR工艺.复合系统中,悬浮污泥对硝化起主要作用,悬浮态污泥和生物膜的硝化平均贡献比为1.66;附着态生物膜对反硝化和除磷起主要作用,生物膜和悬浮态污泥的反硝化贡献比为2.19,释磷贡献比为3.5,摄磷贡献比为3.76.利用PCR-DGGE技术发现,复合系统中存在丰富的脱氮功能菌和除磷功能菌,且悬浮态与附着态微生物的相似性仅为73%,区别较大,说明两者存在一定的分工协作,与反应器的处理特性相一致.     

A Multiattribute Index for Assessing Environmental Impacts of Regional Development Projects: A Case Study of Korea

Evaluating environmental impacts has become an increasingly vital part of environmental management. In the present study, a methodological procedure based on multiattribute utility theory (MAUT) has been applied to obtain a decision-maker's value index on assessment of the environmental impacts. The paper begins with an overview of MAUT. Next, we elicited strategic objectives and several important attributes, and then structured them into a hierarchy, with the aim of structuring and quantifying the basic values for the assessment. An environmental multiattribute index is constructed as a multiattribute utility function, based on value judgements provided by a decision-maker at the Korean Ministry of Environment (MOE). The implications of the results are useful for many aspects of MOE's environmental policies; identifying the strategic objectives and basic values; facilitating communication about the organization's priorities; and recognizing decision opportunities that face decision-makers of Korea.     

活性炭臭氧氧化处理水中聚乙二醇的研究

采用活性炭悬浮式光化学反应仪进行了光催化臭氧氧化不同分子量的聚乙二醇(200-20000)水溶液的研究,考察了臭氧氧化、UV、活性炭吸附和活性炭催化臭氧氧化等不同条件下COD去除率效率,证明活性炭不仅具有对有机物的吸附作用而且同时也具有对臭氧氧化的催化作用。聚乙二醇在活性炭上的吸附特性对其降解具有重要的作用,但是在此系统中不能够完全降解聚乙二醇。     

大学校园室内BTEX浓度水平变化规律及健康风险

采用Tenax-TA吸附/热脱附-气相色谱法(TD-GC)对大学校园室内外空气中5种苯系物(BTEX,苯、甲苯、乙苯、间/对-二甲苯和邻二甲苯)的平均浓度进行了检测。检测结果显示,5种苯系物的平均浓度均低于国家标准值。被测空气的苯系物中甲苯所占比例最大,为27.9%～32.0%。室内BTEX浓度稍高于室外,多数采样点的室内浓度与室外浓度比值(CI/CO)大于1.0。通风可有效降低空气中苯系物浓度。大学校园室内空气中的苯对学生的致癌风险为3.67×10-7～1.09×10-6。