增温、刈割对高寒草甸地上植被生长的影响

近些年由于气候变化和土地利用方式变化的双重影响,高寒草甸植被逐渐表现出退化现象。探讨高寒草甸植被生长特征在气候变化和人类活动中的动态变化规律,对高海拔地区植被的保护和合理利用,防止草地退化和沙漠化发生具有重要意义。以青藏高原高寒草甸为研究区,利用增温实验模拟气候变暖、刈割实验模拟人类放牧,采用随机区组设计,设置对照、增温、刈割、增温+刈割交互作用四种实验处理,于2012─2013年植被生长季调查高度、盖度和地上生物量,研究高寒草甸地上植被生长特征对增温、刈割的响应,以此探讨青藏高原高寒草甸地上植被在气候变化和人类活动中的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)夏季是高寒草甸植被生长的最佳季节,其中7月是其生长的最佳月份;高寒草甸地上植被生长特征年内生长季和年际间的变化趋势差异较大,表现为植被高度在生长季中期高于初期和末期(P0.05),植被盖度和地上生物量在生长季中期和末期高于初期(P0.05);2012年的植被高度和地上生物量略高于2013年(P0.05),但植被盖度略低于2013年(P0.05)。(2)植被高度、盖度和地上生物量在增温第2年(2012年)的各实验处理间均未出现显著差异(P0.05),而在第3年(2013年)开始出现显著差异(P0.05),其中2年刈割显著降低植被高度和地上生物量(P0.05),3年增温和2年刈割的交互作用显著降低植被盖度和地上生物量(P0.05)。以上结果表明,增温、刈割对高寒草甸地上植被生长的影响在短期和长期尺度上存有差异,初期并不显著,但随着时间推移,影响开始加强。     

Irrigation quotas for high water use efficiency and economic water productivity of typical crops in Shiyang River Basin北大核心CSCD

Water consumption in agricultural activities is the main water use in inland oases in Northwest China. Research on water conservation in agriculture is of great significance to alleviate the conflict between the use of agricultural and ecological water and is of great importance to local farmers’ livelihoods. This study, based on traditional irrigation practices (flood irrigation and fixed irrigation frequency) of Minqin County in Shiyang River Basion, was designed to reveal the impacts of five irrigation quotas (1 800, 1 440, 1 080, 720, and 360 m3/hm2) on crop yield, biomass, irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE), and economic water productivity (EWP) to determine the optimal irrigation for five crops and guide local irrigation practices. The results showed that: (1) Under the five irrigation quotas, IWUE of corn, with the highest of 12.27 kg/m3, was higher than the other four crops; (2) The average EWP of cotton with a 2-year-average of 8.0 yuan/m3 was higher than the other four crops. Thus, the economic output of cotton is the best under the same irrigation quota; (3) Considering the yield, IWUE, EWP, and biomass, corn was better than the other four typical crops; and (4) 1 080 m3/hm2 was the optimal irrigation quota for sunflower in local planting practices. In addition, 720 m3/hm2 was suitable for corn, pepper, wheat, and cotton as their irrigation quota. This study shows that reducing the amount of irrigation quota in the Shiyang River Basin can effectively improve local IWUE and EWP. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.