河南省春节禁燃政策对大气污染的影响分析

烟花爆竹的燃放是短期内空气质量恶化的重要原因，严重危害人体健康.利用河南省18个地市2016—2019年空气质量指数、污染物浓度(SO₂、NO₂、O₃、CO、PM_2.5和PM₁₀)和气象因子(气压、气温、相对湿度、风速、降水)数据，采用距离倒数权重插值、变异系数分析及相似性指数等方法，从多角度探究河南省春节禁燃政策的实施成效.结果表明，2016—2019年河南省春节期间的空气质量呈现逐渐改良趋势，污染出现的时间稍有提前，多出现在春节前期.禁燃对控制SO₂、PM_2.5和PM₁₀的浓度骤升(“削峰”)有很好的效果，对NO₂、O₃、CO的影响较小. 2016年烟花爆竹燃放对PM_2.5、PM₁₀和SO₂贡献量最大、贡献时间持续最长，贡献率分别为66.98%、56.32%和56.49%；到2019年，随着禁燃成效的...     

锡林郭勒草原荒漠化气候因素分析

利用1961-2006年锡林郭勒草原年、季、月降水量、平均气温、沙尘暴日数等气象资料,针对锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的现状进行分析。在气候变暖背景下,研究锡林郭勒草原干旱发生的规律及其成因,分析其带给锡林郭勒草原荒漠化的影响,得到以下结论：1．锡林郭勒草原沙化、荒漠化严重,沙化面积位居内蒙古自治区第一,荒漠化面积位居内蒙古自治区第二。2．锡林郭勒草原春夏季降水趋势存在准25a气候振动,年代际变化特征比较突出。干旱发生的频率较高。3．气候变暖给锡林郭勒草原干旱带来较大的影响。4．沙尘暴频发与干旱相互影响,同时对锡林郭勒草原草场生态资源产生一定的影响。5．生态环境恶化,导致大面积土地资源和生物资源丧失。恶化的生态环境已经影响到了锡林郭勒草原社会经济的发展。     

河南省近地表O3污染特征及其与气象因素之间的关系

Meteorological factors have an important influence on ozone (O₃) concentration. In order to explore the characteristics and causes of near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province, based on the datasets of ambient air quality monitoring stations and national basic ground climate stations in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020, this study examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of O₃ pollution in Henan Province and the relationship between O₃ and precursors and meteorological factors, and the potential sources of O₃ in Henan Province were also explored. The results showed that: (1) In terms of temporal characteristics, the annual average O₃ concentration of the maximum daily 8 h average (O₃-8 h) in Henan Province generally decreased from 2014 to 2020, showing an ‘M’ type temporal evolution. For seasonality of O₃-8 h concentration, it was highest in summer and decreased sequentially in spring, autumn, and winter, while both O₃-8 h concentration and the number of days exceeding the standard peaked in June. In terms of spatial characteristics, the O₃ concentration was generally lower in northern than in southern China, and lower in western than in eastern China. The areas with high concentrations were concentrated in southern Henan Province. (2) The O₃-8 h concentration was significantly negatively correlated with the precursor NO₂ and CO concentrations. (3) From the perspective of meteorological factors, O₃-8 h concentration was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity, indicating that high temperature (≥26 ℃) and low humidity (≤40%) were favorable for the increasing of O₃-8 h concentration. Affected by the prevailing northerly winds in autumn and winter, the O₃-8 h concentration in Henan Province showed a spatial pattern of low values in the north and high values in the south in autumn and winter, and the prevailing southerly wind in summer was conducive to the formation and maintenance of O₃ in Henan Province. (4) In the summer of 2019, the main source areas of O₃ and precursors increased gradually and changed from both inside and outside the province to mainly outside the province. Affected by the boundary cities and topographic conditions, O₃ in Henan Province accumulated locally in summer. The study shows that the near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province has significant spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, the pollution degree is generally reduced. The precursors of O₃ and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind) have significant effects on O₃, and O₃ transport paths and potential sources change with time in summer.