Metagenomic analysis reveals the effects of cotton straw–derived biochar on soil nitrogen transformation in drip-irrigated cotton field

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biochar has been widely accepted as a soil amendment to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency, but the effect of biochar on N transformation metabolic...     

The pollution halo effect of technology spillover and pollution haven effect of economic growth in agricultural foreign trade: two sides of the same coin?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The existing literature on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) fails to investigate the spatial attribute of the “pollution halo” effect...     

Assessing ecological function in the context of species recovery

Species interactions matter to conservation. Setting an ambitious recovery target for a species requires considering the size, density, and demographic structure of its populations such that they fulfill the interactions, roles, and functions of the species in the ecosystems in which they are embedded. A recently proposed framework for an International Union for Conservation of Nature Green List of Species formalizes this requirement by defining a fully recovered species in terms of representation, viability, and functionality. Defining and quantifying ecological function from the viewpoint of species recovery is challenging in concept and application, but also an opportunity to insert ecological theory into conservation practice. We propose 2 complementary approaches to assessing a species’ ecological functions: confirmation (listing interactions of the species, identifying ecological processes and other species involved in these interactions, and quantifying the extent to which the species contributes to the identified ecological process) and elimination (inferring functionality by ruling out symptoms of reduced functionality, analogous to the red-list approach that focuses on symptoms of reduced viability). Despite the challenges, incorporation of functionality into species recovery planning is possible in most cases and it is essential to a conservation vision that goes beyond preventing extinctions and aims to restore a species to levels beyond what is required for its viability. This vision focuses on conservation and recovery at the species level and sees species as embedded in ecosystems, influencing and being influenced by the processes in those ecosystems. Thus, it connects and integrates conservation at the species and ecosystem levels.     

Studies on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in two sediment cores from the huaxi reservoir,china: Assessment of levels,sources, and ecological risk

This study investigated the levels, sources and ecological risks of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in two sediment cores that were collected along the Huaxi Reservoir. The spatial distributions and residue levels of the 16 priority PAHs in the sediments from the Huaxi Reservoir were analyzed for their potential ecological risk, source apportionment and contribution to the total PAH residue. The concentration level of the total PAHs (TPAHs) was in the range 1805 ng·g^?1 to 20023 ng·g^?1 based on dry weight, and the content of PAHs in the Huaxi Reservoir exhibited a gradual upward trend. The PAH congener ratios fluoranthene/(fluoranthene + pyrene) and indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene/(indeno[1, 2, 3-cd]pyrene + benzo[g, h, i]perylene) were used to identify the source. The main source of the low molecular weight PAHs was wood and coal combustion, whereas the high molecular weight PAHs were primarily from petroleum combustion sources. The results of an ecological risk assessment demonstrated that ACE poses a potential ecological risk, while FLU, NAP, ANT, BaP, DBA, PHEN and PYR can have serious ecological risks.     

通风口高度对太阳能烟囱建筑自然通风和自然排烟性能的影响研究

安装太阳能烟囱后的建筑具有效果优良、节能环保的自然通风系统。室内通风口高度是太阳能烟囱建筑性能的关键参数之一。提出通过改变太阳能烟囱建筑室内通风口高度位置,使太阳能烟囱既可用于建筑的日常自然通风,也能实现室内火灾场景下的自然排烟。利用缩比例实验台研究了不同室内通风口高度对太阳能烟囱建筑自然通风与自然排烟效果的影响,发现自然通风和自然排烟效果随通风口高度增加呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且最佳室内通风口高度位于窗户上檐位置附近。研究结果对太阳能烟囱建筑的建筑结构关键参数设计具有指导意义。     

武汉市一次污染过程的局地流场和边界层结构的数值模拟

利用2013年11月武汉市逐日空气质量资料、地面气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和L波段雷达探空资料，通过WRF模式模拟空气污染生消过程中的局地气象条件变化，探讨特殊地形条件下边界层结构变化和局地环流在污染物生消过程中的作用和影响。结果表明：（1）武汉地区当背景环流场强的时候，由地形引起的局地流场对污染物扩散的影响就弱，反之当背景环流场弱的时候, 地形对流场影响明显:夜间为山风，白天为谷风。夜间山风与偏西北气流及偏东气流在武汉及周边地区辐合，形成气流汇聚带，在武汉地区形成一个反复污染带,即由地形引起的局地流场对污染物扩散的贡献就大；（2）武汉地区发生空气污染时，地面湿度较高，边界层呈上干下湿状态，其特征为暖而干且有偏东小风，这导致污染物不断堆积和重污染过程的形成。     

盐度对模拟餐厨垃圾发酵液产聚羟基脂肪酸酯工艺的影响

利用餐厨垃圾发酵液生产聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)可以在废物处理的同时实现有价资源回收。为探究发酵液中盐分对产PHA菌群富集过程的影响,以模拟餐厨垃圾发酵液为底物,研究了盐度存在下污泥理化性质、富集过程主要指标及菌群PHA合成能力等变化。结果表明,未经盐度富集的菌群易受到盐度抑制,在15 g·L~(-1)的盐度条件下,污泥PHA最大合成量可降至39.9%。富集过程中盐度的增加有利于污泥沉降性的提升,低盐度(5 g·L~(-1))下菌群分泌胞外聚合物量最多,达49.8 mg·g~(-1)(以VSS计),对菌群保护能力最强。不同盐度条件下的富集系统皆能保持较好的生态选择压力,但盐度对微生物生长的抑制随着浓度的增大而增强。经过盐度存在下长期富集后的污泥,在高盐度(10、15 g·L~(-1))底物条件下,仍能获得较高的PHA最大合成能力,但其较低的生长活性不利于最终PHA产量的提升,短期富集下,高盐度会抑制PHA的合成;而低盐度(5 g·L~(-1))有助于提高PHA合成能力,最高达50.5%。     

不同光波长对类石墨相氮化碳催化降解莫西沙星的机理探究

使用一种简单煅烧三聚氰胺的方法制备了类石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4),研究了不同光波长对g-C_3N_4催化降解盐酸莫西沙星的影响.通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)对材料的形貌、晶型、元素组成进行表征,证实了g-C_3N_4的成功合成.此外,通过XPS-价带谱和紫外可见漫反射(UV-DRS)图谱得到所合成g-C_3N_4的带隙(E_g=2.81 eV)和价带(E_(VB)=2.49 eV).通过不同光波长(包括365、385、420、450、485、520、595、630 nm及可见光)下g-C_3N_4对莫西沙星的降解速率来评估光催化性能.结果表明,g-C_3N_4的光催化活性依赖于辐照波长,也即速率常数(k_1)随光波长的增大而降低.活性氧(ROS)淬灭实验表明,超氧自由基(·O~-_2)在莫西沙星的光催化降解中起主导作用.     

Ultrasound-assisted electrodeposition synthesis of nZVI-Pd/AC toward reductive degradation of methylene blue

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A novel composite (nZVI/Pd-AC) was prepared by loading nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and Pd on activated carbon (AC) electrode under...     

Shellac-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for removal of cadmium(II) ions from aqueous solution

This study describes a new effective adsorbent for cadmium removal from aqueous solution synthesized by coating a shellac layer, a natural biodegradable and renewable resin with abundant hydroxyl and carboxylic groups, on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging showed shellac-coated magnetic nanoparticle (SCMN) adsorbents had a core-shell structure with a core of 20 nm and shell of 5 nm. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic analysis suggested the occurrence of reaction between carboxyl groups on the SCMN adsorbent surface and cadmium ions in aqueous solution. Kinetic data were well described by pseudo second-order model and adsorption isotherms were fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich models with maximum adsorption capacity of 18.80 mg/g. SCMN adsorbents provided a favorable adsorption capacity under high salinity conditions, and cadmium could easily be desorbed using mild organic acid solutions at low concentration.