Coupled electrochemical methods for nitrogen and phosphorus recovery from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Declining mineral resources, high fertilizer production cost and widespread eutrophication are calling for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewaters...     

Background biomonitoring of residue levels of 137 pesticides in the blood plasma of the general population in Beijing

Due to the widespread use of pesticides, human exposure to pesticides is possible and can potentially cause adverse impacts on public health. We measured 137 pesticides including organophosphorus, organochlorine, pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides together with various herbicides in 100 human blood samples collected from the general population in Beijing. The samples were analysed by triple quadrupole tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 24 organochlorine pesticides, 5 pyrethroid pesticides and 6 organophosphorus pesticides were detected. The detection rates of HCB, α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE and quintozene were 99, 96, 74, 72, 96 and 95%, respectively. No statistically significant gender difference in the blood concentrations of the pesticides was found. Consistent with the trend of the increasing β-HCH, p,p′-DDE and quintozene concentrations with age, a strong positive correlation between the age and concentrations of β-BHC, p,p′-DDE and quintozene was observed.     

Boosting freshwater fish conservation with high-resolution distribution mapping across a large territory

The lack of high-resolution distribution maps for freshwater species across large extents fundamentally challenges biodiversity conservation worldwide. We devised a simple framework to delineate the distributions of freshwater fishes in a high-resolution drainage map based on stacked species distribution models and expert information. We applied this framework to the entire Chinese freshwater fish fauna (>1600 species) to examine high-resolution biodiversity patterns and reveal potential conflicts between freshwater biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbances. The correlations between spatial patterns of biodiversity facets (species richness, endemicity, and phylogenetic diversity) were all significant (r = 0.43–0.98, p < 0.001). Areas with high values of different biodiversity facets overlapped with anthropogenic disturbances. Existing protected areas (PAs), covering 22% of China's territory, protected 25–29% of fish habitats, 16–23% of species, and 30–31% of priority conservation areas. Moreover, 6–21% of the species were completely unprotected. These results suggest the need for extending the network of PAs to ensure the conservation of China's freshwater fishes and the goods and services they provide. Specifically, middle to low reaches of large rivers and their associated lakes from northeast to southwest China hosted the most diverse species assemblages and thus should be the target of future expansions of the network of PAs. More generally, our framework, which can be used to draw high-resolution freshwater biodiversity maps combining species occurrence data and expert knowledge on species distribution, provides an efficient way to design PAs regardless of the ecosystem, taxonomic group, or region considered.     

取芯过程中煤芯温度分布特征模拟研究*

针对取芯过程瓦斯解吸受煤芯的温度影响不明,造成煤层瓦斯含量测不准的问题,开展对取芯过程煤芯温度分布特征研究。采用自主研制的取芯管自动测温装置在赵固二矿原生结构煤层（f=1.71）进行深度20 m的取芯试验,获得取芯管管壁温升变化规律,变化曲线分为4个阶段:缓慢上升、加速上升、减速上升、缓慢下降阶段;应用COMSOL建立含瓦斯煤传热模型,将管壁的温度变化设置为边界条件,模拟取芯过程煤芯与管壁之间的热交换。结果表明:在取芯时间30 min内,煤芯平均温度快速上升,之后上升速度趋于平稳;在煤芯内,相同时刻,等间距的轴向与径向距离,径向较轴向的温度梯度较大,径向传导快于轴向传导;取芯过程煤芯径向温度Ta与径向距离d、时间t满足指数函数关系。研究结果可为测定取芯过程煤芯的瓦斯损失量提供参考依据。     

哈尔滨市环境空气质量评价与经济增长关系研究

以PM10、SO2和NO2作为空气质量的评价对象,采用空气综合污染指数法研究了哈尔滨市2001年到2015年的环境空气质量变化趋势.以空气综合污染指数作为因变量,哈尔滨市人均GDP作为自变量,来探讨哈尔滨环境空气质量与经济增长之间的关系.得出2001年到2015年期间,哈尔滨环境空气质量呈现先变好又变差再变好的趋势,哈尔滨环境空气质量与经济增长之间呈现近似三次方函数关系,且部分呈现到"U"型曲线关系.     

Characteristics and assessment of phthalate esters in urban dusts in Guangzhou city, China

Phthalate esters (PAEs) were examined in indoor and outdoor dust samples from the subtropical city of Guangzhou, China. The ∑(16)PAEs concentrations ranged from 121 to 3,223 μg g(-1) dust, with the median concentration of 840 μg g(-1) dust. Significantly higher concentrations of PAEs in dust samples were found in offices where electrical and electronic devices, carpet pads, and office furniture were widely used. Of the 16 PAEs, diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAEs in indoor and outdoor dust samples, and accounted for >96.8% and >93.1% of the ∑(16)PAEs concentrations, respectively. The median daily inhalation exposure of ∑(16)PAEs were 3.53 and 0.247 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), and at the 95(th) percentile were 7.62 and 0.530 μg kg(-1) body weight day(-1), up on the measured concentrations and estimated dust ingestion rates, respectively, for toddles and adults. The ubiquitous distribution of PAEs as noted in this study suggests the need for detailed assessment of PAEs concentrations using more sites and to further investigate the factors influencing PAEs exposure in China.     

Atmospheric deposition of phthalate esters in a subtropical city

In Chinese cities, air pollution has become a serious and aggravating environmental problem undermining the sustainability of urban ecosystems and the quality of urban life. Bulk atmospheric deposition samples were collected two-weekly, from February 2007 to January 2008, at three representative areas, one suburban and two urbanized, in the subtropical city, Guangzhou, China, to assess the deposition fluxes and seasonal variations of phthalate esters (PAEs). Sixteen PAE congeners in bulk deposition samples were measured and the depositional fluxes of ∑₁₆PAEs ranged from 3.41 to 190 μg m^?2 day^?1, and were highly affected by local anthropogenic activities. The significant relationship between PAEs and particulate depositional fluxes (correlation coefficient R² = 0.72, P < 0.001) showed PAEs are associated primarily with particles. Temporal flux variations of PAEs were influenced by seasonal changes in meteorological parameters, and the deposition fluxes of PAEs were obviously higher in wet season than in dry season. Diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), Di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) dominated the PAE pattern in bulk depositions, which is consistent with a high consumption of the plasticizer market in China. PAE profiles in bulk deposition showed similarities exhibited in both time and space, and a weak increase of high molecular weight PAE (HMW PAE) contribution in the wet season compared to those in the dry season. Average atmospheric deposition fluxes of PAEs in the present study were significantly higher than those from other studies, reflecting strong anthropogenic inputs as a consequence of rapid industrial and urban development in the region.     

What are the disease burden and its sensitivity analysis of workers exposing to Staphylococcus aureus bioaerosol during warm and cold periods in a wastewater treatment plant?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Biological treatment in wastewater treatment plants releases high amounts of pathogenic bioaerosols. Quantitative microbial risk assessment is a...     

能源桩试验材料热力学参数测试研究

提出在传统混凝土能源桩的基础上加入相变材料和钢纤维来提高能源桩的换热效率,通过钢球封装相变材料不仅将相变材料应用于混凝土,而且钢纤维和钢球的高导热特性可以改善相变材料导热性能上的不足,提高相变储能混凝土的导热性,为相变材料在能源桩工程的应用提供参考依据。通过相变钢纤维混凝土材料不同热力学参数测试的具体过程和结果发现纤维增强型混凝土破坏时没有明显的碎块和崩落,是因为钢纤维与裂缝两边混凝土之间的粘结应力起着约束裂缝开展的作用,从而降低混凝土脆性破坏程度;另外钢纤维可以很好的补偿低导热的相变材料所带来的缺陷,使能源桩整体的导热性能得以提高;钢纤维会降低混凝土的比热容,但砂率对混凝土的比热容有明显的影响。此结果会为后续评估和优化能源桩热交换系统提供参数指导。     

色基生产废水的三级处理工艺试验

在染料中间体红色基Ｂ，紫酱色基ＧＰ的生产过程中，全产生降解处理的废水，采用中和隔油－生物接触氧化－电解脱色工艺处理可达标准排放。试验结果表明，硝化废酸液和水解母液的混合废水经过中和隔油处理后，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率可达到５６％以上，而ＢＯＤ５／ＣＤＯｃｒ的比值可在从０．２２提高到０．５以上；再经生物接触氧化处理后，ＣＯＤｃｒ的去除率在８８％以上，ＢＯＤ５的去除率在９２％以上；最后，电解处理能使ＣＯＤｃ