Understanding and addressing the environmental risk of microplastics

Over the past decades, the plastic production has been dramatically increased. Indeed, a category of small plastic particles mainly with the shapes of fragments, fibers, or spheres, called microplastics (particles smaller than 5 mm) and nanoplastics (particles smaller than 1 μm) have attracted particular attention. Because of its wide distribution in the environment and potential adverse effects to animal and human, microplastic pollution has been reported as a serious environment problem receiving increased attention in recent years. As one of the commonly detected emerging contaminants in the environment, recent evidence indicates that the concentration of microplastics show an increasing trend, for the reason that up to 12.7 million metric tons of plastic litter is released into aquatic environment from land-based sources each year. Furthermore, microplastic exposure levels of model organisms in laboratory studies are usually several orders of magnitude higher than those found in environment, and the microplastics exposure conditions are also different with those observed in the environment. Additionally, the detection of microplastics in feces indicates that they can be excreted out of the bodies of animal and human. Hence, great uncertainties might exist in microplastics exposure and health risk assessment based on current studies, which might be exaggerated. Policies reduce microplastic emission sources and hence minimize their environmental risks are determined. To promote the above policies, we must first overcome the technical obstacles of detecting microplastics in various samples.     

Concentrations and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyls in soil along an urban–rural gradient in Shanghai

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study proposed an in situ soil experimental system to quantify concentration and accumulation rates of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners...     

隔声屏障在冷却机组降噪中的设计与应用实证

本文对成都双流九江环保垃圾发电厂循环冷却机组进行噪声治理,通过在声音传播途径上设立隔声屏障,并对该声屏障进行声学设计理论计算,声屏障建成后该机组在厂界外1m处,噪声值达到国家厂界噪声排放标准要求,并通过详细的实测数据、建立图形,进一步验证了声屏障理论计算公式和保护范围。     

Optimum conditions for the formation of Al13 polymer and active chlorine in electrolysis process with Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anodes

A polyaluminum containing a high concentration of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine (PACC) was successfully synthesized by a new electrochemical reactor using Ti/RuO₂-TiO₂ anodes. PACC can potentially be used as a dual-function chemical reagent for water treatment. The obtained results indicated that the formation of Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine, were the most active components in PACC responsible for coagulation and disinfection respectively. These components were significantly influenced by electrolyte temperature, current density, and stirring rate. It was observed that high electrolyte temperature favored the formation of Al₁₃. Increasing current density and stirring rate resulted in high current efficiency of chlorine evolution, thus favoring the generation of Al₁₃ and active chlorine in PACC. When the PACC (Al_T = 0.5 mol/L, basicity = 2.3) was prepared at the optimum conditions by electrolysis process, the Al₁₃ polymer and active chlorine in product reached above 70% of Al_T and 4000 mg/L, respectively. In the pilot scale experiment with raw polyaluminum chloride used as an electrolyte, PACC was successfully prepared and produced a high content of Al₁₃ and active chlorine products. The pilot scale experiment demonstrated a potential industrial approach of PACC preparation.     

Synthesis, characterization and experimental investigation of Cu-BTC as CO2 adsorbent from flue gas

Porous Cu-BTC material was synthesized by the solvothermal method. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was used to test the phase purity of the synthesized material and investigate its structural stability under the influence of flue gas components. The thermal stability of the material was determined through thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the microstructure of the material. Cu-BTC was demonstrated not only to have high CO₂ adsorption capacity but also good selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ by means of packed bed tests. The adsorption capacity of Cu-BTC for CO₂ was about 69 mL/g at 22°C. The influence of the main flue gas components on the CO₂ capacity of the material were discussed as well.     

天津主要纳污及入海河流中有机氯农药的污染现状及特征

对天津地区永定新河、北排污河和大沽排污河表层水、悬浮物、间隙水样品中的六六六、滴滴涕、七氯等13种有机氯农药进行了分析检测.结果表明,河流中有机氯农药的高污染区主要为天津几大化工厂附近河段,而纪庄子污水处理厂的出水对大沽排污河中的七氯等有机氯农药的含量有所贡献.样品t检验分析表明,秋季和冬季河流中有机氯农药的来源不存在重大差异.不同介质中有机氯农药的组成特征不同,表层水中主要以溶解性较大的六六六为主,而悬浮物中则以滴滴涕、七氯、环氧七氯和异狄氏剂为主.3条河流中的4种不同HCHs异构体以β-HCH的比例最大,说明河流中的HCHs的存在主要是来自于历史遗留;而DDT/DDE和DDT/∑DDTs的比值高于0.5说明近期存在新的DDT使用.     

浅析化学事故应急响应专线的发展

纵观国外同类化学事故应急咨询机构30多年的发展经验,结合化学事故应急响应专线的现状,提出了扩大化学事故应急响应专线的服务范围、加强化学事故技术支持体系的建设及加强与国内外同类机构的交流与合作等发展建议。     

水固液微界面氧化还原反应过程与污染物控制研究

本文介绍了3个反应体系,包括铁锰复合氧化物氧化吸附除砷体系、铁氧化物包覆零价铁光芬顿催化和负载型多价态锰氧化物臭氧催化体系,通过固液微界面不同的氧化还原反应,实现了对水中砷和难降解有机污染物的高效去除.重点介绍了不同氧化还原反应对污染物转移转化的作用机制,说明了水体中固液微界面氧化还原反应,对污染物的转移转化起着重要作用.     

无动力（微动力）除尘技术

无动力或微动力除尘工艺,打破传统的除尘原理,对运输转运系统进行高效除尘,成功地运用于昆钢龙山冶金熔剂矿白云石破碎系统、云锡大屯选厂、昆钢烧结厂等,投资少、除尘效果好、运行费用低。比传统的布袋除尘工艺节省投资约20％,大幅度地节约运行费用。     

危险化学品安全评价现状及对策

阐述了危险化学品安全评价的重要性,介绍了我国危险化学品生产企业的安全现状。详细分析了影响危险化学品生产企业安全评价有效性的各种因素,针对中国当前危险化学品安全评价中存在的主要问题,提出了改进对策措施。