The distribution of octachlorostyrene (OCS) in environmental samples from Europe

Although octachlorostyrene (OCS) was never used as a commercial product, it may be produced during incineration and combustion processes involving chlorinated compounds. Its environmental spreading was evaluated through the analysis of several representative samples. OCS could not be measured in soil samples collected from urban and rural areas or sediments, but was present (up to 5.41 ng/g dry weight) in industrial soil collected near chemically polluted areas. For aquatic biota samples, the OCS concentrations in freshwater mussels ranged from <0.01 ng/g wet weight (ww) to 0.18 ng/g ww (mean 0.06 ng/g ww) and similar levels could be measured in 11 freshwater fish species from Belgium and Romania. A higher OCS contamination level was found in shrimps (mean 0.08 ng/g ww) compared to marine fish (mean 0.02 ng/g ww for bib and 0.01 ng/g ww for sole and whiting, respectively). OCS could also be measured in 19 harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) liver samples with a mean value of 1.90 ng/g ww. According to these data, it could be computed that the biomagnification factor for OCS was one order of magnitude lower than that of HCB in the fish-porpoise food chain. The mean OCS concentrations in blue tits (Parus caeruleus) eggs and great tits (Parus major) adipose tissue were 1.24 ng/g ww and 3.24 ng/g ww, respectively. OCS could be measured in different tissues of hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), with the highest concentrations found in adipose tissue (mean 0.34 ng/g ww) and liver (mean 0.39 ng/g ww). In contrast, only low concentrations of OCS could be measured in human adipose tissue (up to 0.38 ng/g ww) and liver (up to 0.05 ng/g ww), while it could not be detected in human brain or lung. The relationship between the concentrations of OCS and HCB was also discussed for each species.     

Determination of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in environmental samples

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衍生化气相色谱法测定黄磷诱发氧化水中苯酚降解产物

利用衍生化气相色谱法对黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物进行了研究，在磷酸存在下，以甲醇作酯类衍行生试剂，分别和ＳＥ－５２和ＨＰ－１７石英毛细管双柱结合ＧＣ－ＭＳ进行分离定性定量，黄磷诱发氧化苯酚降解产物以羧酸为主，在反应温度５０℃时，表现为一级反应特征，速率常数（Ｋ）：０．０７７ｍｉｎ＾－１，半衰期（ｔ１／２）：９．０ｍｉｎ。     

水和废水中多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法及进展

本文引用了七十余篇近几年国内外的有关著文,对水和废水中的多氯联苯(PCBs)的测定方法进行了评述,全面系统地介绍了水样的采集、富集、净化和分析测定等操作程序,着重于样品的前处理和气相色谱分析,并提出了这一领域今后的发展趋势。     

环境样品中非邻位取代共平面多氯联苯的测定

本文对测定实际环境样品中痕量非邻位取代共平面多氯联苯的方法进行了研究。样品萃取，净化后，经活性碳性层析分离，利用ＧＣ－ＥＣＤ毛细管柱双柱定性，外标法进行定量，测定了土壤和鱼肌肉中μｇ·ｋｇ＾－１数量级的３，３‘，４，４’－四氯联苯及ｎｇ·ｇｋｇ＾－１数量级的３，３‘，４’，５－五氯联苯。     

Study on evolution of groundwater-lake system in typical prairie open-pit coal mine area

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining...     

季铵型树脂的合成及其对水中溴酸根及前驱物溴离子的吸附性能与机制

水中的溴离子(Br^-)和溴酸根离子(BrO₃^-)由于难挥发、易溶解、稳定性好而难以除去,因此,制备了一种对较低浓度的Br^-和BrO₃^-都有良好吸附去除效果的季铵碱树脂(Quaternary ammonium base resin,QABR)并表征了其物化结构.同时,考察了初始浓度、QABR投加量、溶液pH、离子强度、吸附接触时间和吸附温度等因素对QABR吸附Br^-和BrO₃^-性能的影响.结果表明,在0.05～4.00 mmol·L^-1浓度范围内,在298 K、pH=7.0时QABR对Br^-和BrO₃^-的吸附能力最佳,其最大吸附量分别为1.78 mmol·g^-1和1.65 mmol·g^-1;QABR对Br^-和BrO₃     

洛阳盆地浅层地下水化学特征及其演化特征分析

在系统采集并分析洛阳盆地浅层地下水样品的基础上,综合描述性统计、相关性分析、运用Piper三线图、Gibbs模型以及离子比例系数等方法,对洛阳盆地浅层地下水化学特征及其形成机理进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:HCO~-_3和Ca~(2+)分别是研究区浅层地下水中优势的阴、阳离子;HCO_3-Ca和HCO_3-Ca·Mg型为主要地下水化学类型;浅层地下水TDS和总硬度的平均浓度相对较低,平均值分别为450.5 mg/L和329.3 mg/L。本区浅层地下水化学特征的形成主要受到岩石风化作用的影响,地下水水质成分主要来自于碳酸盐岩和硅酸盐岩等矿物的长期风化溶解。同时,逆向阳离子交换作用也在一定程度上影响着浅层地下水化学的形成。     

Concentrations,patterns and metabolites of organochlorine pesticides in relation to xenobiotic phase I and II enzyme activities in ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from Svalbard and the Baltic Sea

The present study investigates the concentrations and patterns of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and their metabolites in liver and plasma of two ringed seal populations (Phoca hispida): lower contaminated Svalbard population and more contaminated Baltic Sea population. Among OCPs, p,p′-DDE and sum-chlordanes were the highest in concentration. With increasing hepatic contaminant concentrations and activities of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, the concentrations of 3-methylsulfonyl-p,p′-DDE and the concentration ratios of pentachlorophenol/hexachlorobenzene increased, and the toxaphene pattern shifted more towards persistent Parlar-26 and -50 and less towards more biodegradable Parlar-44. Relative concentrations of the chlordane metabolites, oxychlordane and -heptachlorepoxide, to sum-chlordanes were higher in the seals from Svalbard compared to the seals from the Baltic, while the trend was opposite for cis- and trans-nonachlor. The observed differences in the OCP patterns in the seals from the two populations are probably related to the catalytic activity of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, and also to differences in dietary exposure.     

小鼠子宫增重法检测国产三氯杀螨醇的雌激素生物活性

为了解我国商品农药三氯杀螨醇是否具有明显的雌激素活性，利用整体给药方式检测了不同剂量三氯杀螨醇对未成熟小鼠子宫的作用。结果表明，较低剂量的三氯杀螨醇未使小鼠子明显增重，当剂量增加到４ｍｇ和８ｍｇ时，子宫重量明显增加，与对照组结果相比 ，有显著差异。