重化工聚集区企业间资源循环利用调研与分析

解决经济社会发展过程中的资源短缺、环境污染和生态破坏等问题,需要构建有利于推进节能减排和资源循环利用的新型经济模式.通过文献研究和实地调研,总结了国内外先进重化工区的可持续发展经验,为我国重化工区推进循环经济提供了有益的启示.研究武汉市青山区重化工聚集区企业副产品和废弃资源的特点,从循环经济的角度提出了重化工聚集区企业间副产物和废弃资源循环利用的途径.青山区资源循环利用经验对国内外同类重化工集聚区具有典型示范作用.     

铁矿石烧结行业二噁英类形成机制与排放水平

铁矿石烧结是我国重要的二噁英类(PCDD/Fs)排放源之一.本文总结了烧结过程PCDD/Fs的生成机制,以及典型烧结烟气的PCDD/Fs排放特征.针对影响PCDD/Fs生成的关键因素进行了分析,探讨了原料组成中关键元素的影响,以及温度、时间和氧气含量等条件的影响,进而对PCDD/Fs的减排技术等方面进行了讨论.最后本文还对部分发达国家和我国的铁矿石烧结行业PCDD/Fs排放现状进行了分析和展望.可为我国铁矿石烧结行业PCDD/Fs的管理和减排提供参考.     

Modelling Complex Pipeline Network Leak Detection Systems

A novel model for detecting leaks in complex pipeline network systems has been developed. The model derives from the theory of Liapunov stability criteria. A leak is detected if the resulting eigenvalues from the deviation flow matrix have values less than a predetermined value. An advanced mesh network algorithm was used to decompose the complex pipeline network system into sub-networks. The flow model (equations of motion and continuity) which incorporates a leaking factor, k_L, is solved by a numerical technique that uses the method of characteristics and an implicit finite function. The unsteady state flow matrix of the complex pipeline network system was analysed using a modified Hardy Cross algorithm, where the velocity and pressure were computed for each node and pipeline loop in the complex network. The plots for the characteristic pressure and velocity eigenvalues show that pressure measurements are faster parameters for leak detection than volume measurements. Volume measurements appear to be suitable for larger leak systems and longer response time.     

Ti_5O_9-Ti_4O_7电极电化学处理2,4,6-三硝基苯酚废水

采用压片-烧结法制备了Ti5O9-Ti4O7电极,采用XRD和SEM技术对Ti5O9-Ti4O7电极进行了表征。以自制的Ti5O9-Ti4O7电极为阳极,电解处理含2,4,6-三硝基苯酚(TNP)的模拟废水,考察了电流密度、电解质质量浓度、废水p H、废水温度和反应时间等因素对废水COD去除率和TNP降解率的影响。表征结果显示:该电极的主要成分为Ti5O9,并含有部分Ti4O7;该电极的比表面积较大。Ti5O9-Ti4O7电极电解处理含TNP废水的最佳实验条件为:电流密度20 m A/cm2、电解质Na2SO4质量浓度6.0 g/L、废水p H为7、废水温度30℃。在此最佳条件下电解反应180 min后,COD去除率为90.6%,TNP降解率为93.9%,表明Ti5O9-Ti4O7电极具有较高的催化能力和电流效率。     

Estimation of transport and degradation parameters for naphthalene and anthracene: influence of mass transfer on kinetics

The distributions of culturable bacteria and functional bacteria associated with nitrogen (N) or phosphorus (P) in the backwater areas of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) were investigated. Results from seven locations in the TGR indicated that the abundance of total bacteria was high, with 8.12 × 10⁶, 2.70 × 10⁷, and 6.73 × 10¹⁰ colony-forming units per milliliter or per gram dry weight in surface water, bottom water, and sediments, respectively. Aquatic environments with higher nutrient loadings possessed higher bacteria densities and lower bacteria community diversities. Eight kinds of functional bacteria ratios, including surface water to bottom water and ratios of water to sediments, were calculated, in which four kinds of functional bacteria, namely, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and organophosphate-solubilizing bacteria, displayed obvious differences in different locations. Based on the functional bacteria ratios of water to sediments, it was found that the obtained result of location grouping from cluster analysis was similar to that based on the community-level physiological profiles studies. The above results showed that the ratios of functional bacteria could distinguish the aquatic environments with different trophic conditions in the TGR. This demonstrated that the distribution ratios of functional bacteria in aquatic environments could work as potential bioindicators to reflect the trophic condition of the water.     

Response of mercury accumulation to anthropogenic pollution in the past 1000 years based on Lake Huguangyan sediments,Southern China

A new ²¹⁰Pb-dated record of Hg accumulation derived from a sediment core from a Hg-enriched area in Huguangyan Lake (HGY) in South China is presented. Based on synthetic analyses of multi-proxy records including chemical composition, total organic matter, and grain-size distribution in surface sediments and nearby soil samples, it is inferred that the influx of Hg into the lake is mainly a result of atmospheric deposition, with no or minor hydroclimate-induced lithogenic input from the catchment and limited adsorption effects of organic matter and clay. Significantly enhanced anthropogenic input of Hg started in the early 1900s. Since then, several anomalies of Hg accumulation have been the results of wars or intensified economic activities in China. HGY sediments provide a rare and reliable natural archive for detecting atmospheric Hg deposition, which is closely related to anthropogenic activities.