白洋淀地区的多氯联苯污染研究

对白洋淀地区不同类型纸厂排水口底泥及保定市排污渠底泥进行了ＧＣ／ＥＣＤ分析，可萃取有机氯（ＥＯＣｌ）含量测定，检出了多氯联苯和有机氯农药。用截止分子量为１０００道尔顿的透析袋方法对相应地区的水体进行了检测，发现水体中可检出含氯农药六六六，但多氯联苯等由于水中存在浓度低未能检出，同样样品的ＧＣ／ＭＳ／ＣＯＭ结果表明，水体中主要存在的亲脂性有机污染物为：蒽酮、蒽二酮、苯胺、氯代烃、邻苯二甲酸酯类和苯系物。     

One-step preparation of a novel graphitic biochar/Cu0/Fe3O4 composite using CO2-ambiance pyrolysis to activate peroxydisulfate for dye degradation

Herein,a one-step co-pyrolysis protocol was adopted for the first time to prepare a novel pyrogenic carbon-Cu⁰/Fe₃O₄ heteroatoms (FCBC) in CO₂ ambiance to discern the roles of each component in PDS activation.During co-pyrolysis,CO₂ catalyzed formation of reducing gases by biomass which facilitated reductive transformation of Fe³⁺ and Cu²⁺ to Cu⁰ and Fe₃O₄,respectively.According to the a...     

Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from waste water treatment plants (WWTPs)

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as well.Levels of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids(PFCAs and PFSAs), in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters(PAPs) were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids(FTSAs) was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid(PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid(PFHxS), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

贵州梵净山九龙池沉积物14C年代学研究及全新世碳累积速率变化

放射性碳同位素加速器质谱（ASM¹⁴C）测年法是湖泊沉积物定年的主要方法,并且是全新世年代学研究的热点。随着对全新世古气候与环境变化研究的深入,选取不同介质定年可能对年代模型的准确性造成误差,进而影响到气候指标的解译。本文选取贵州东北部梵净山九龙池沉积物中树枝、树叶、树皮、种子等植物残体和全样有机质作为测年介质,利用ASM¹⁴C进行定年。结果表明,相比全样有机质,使用植物残体定年可以在一定程度上避免碳库效应的影响。但相比于原位沉积且生长年限较短的叶片,树枝的定年结果偏老,不是一种理想的定年介质。另外,根据定年结果及总有机碳含量重建了全新世九龙池的碳累积速率,发现碳累积速率可以指示该地区亚洲夏季风强度的变化历史。     

乌江流域梯级水库入出库河流中总汞和甲基汞的时空分布

2006年1~12月，每月采集乌江流域梯级水库入出库河流水样，用两次金汞齐-冷原子荧光光谱法和蒸馏-乙基化结合GC CVAFS法测定了水中总汞和甲基汞的浓度。结果表明：（1）入出库河流中总汞年均加权浓度分别为317和 2.34 ng/L，甲基汞为014和 0.18 ng/L。（2）不同水库入出库河流中总汞和甲基汞的时空分布特征不同，位于上游第一级的普定和洪家渡水库入库河流中总汞有明显的季节变化趋势，且显著低于出库河流；而甲基汞的季节变化在出库河流中较为明显，而且库龄大的普定、东风、乌江渡水库出库河流中甲基汞浓度显著高于入库河流。（3）相关分析发现水库入库河流中总汞、甲基汞浓度主要受悬浮颗粒物的影响，而与水量间的相关性因水库所处位置的不同而有差异，上游的普定和洪家渡水库中呈显著正相关，其它水库中呈负相关。     

基于仿生防护技术的海底管线悬空治理研究

针对海底管线悬空对海洋油气田安全生产的严重威胁及其对海洋环境构成的重大隐患,文章以海底管线周围的局部冲刷及其冲刷防护与控制技术为研究对象,从海底管线冲刷机理入手,分析了管线一次悬空和二次悬空的原因,从模型实验和工程实践两方面开展仿生防护技术治理海底管线悬空研究,利用高分子材料仿生草叶片的柔性黏滞阻尼作用,减缓流速,降低水流的携沙能力,最终达到固沙、填沙、保护管线的目的。     

Research on simultaneous impact of hand-arm and whole-body vibration

This article presents the results of laboratory tests on the combined effect of whole-body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV). The reactions of subjects exposed to various combinations of vibration were recorded. The vibrotactile perception threshold (VPT) test identified changes caused by exposure to vibration. Ten male subjects met the criteria of the study. There were 4 series of tests: a reference test and tests after exposure to HAV, WBV, and after simultaneous exposure to HAV and WBV. An analysis of the results (6000 ascending and descending VPTs) showed that the changes in VPTs were greatest after simultaneous exposure to both kinds of vibration. The increase in VPT, for all stimulus frequencies, was then higher than after exposure to HAV or WBV only.     

Self-assessment of hearing status and risk of noise-induced hearing loss in workers in a rolling stock plant

Noise measurements and questionnaire inquiries were carried out for 124 workers of a rolling stock plant to develop a hearing conservation program. On the basis of that data, the risk of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) was evaluated. Additionally, the workers' hearing ability was assessed with the (modified) Amsterdam inventory for auditory disability and handicap, (m)AIADH. The workers had been exposed to noise at A-weighted daily noise exposure levels of 74-110 dB for 1-40 years. Almost one third of the workers complained of hearing impairment and the (m)AIADH results showed some hearing difficulties in over half of them. The estimated risk of hearing loss over 25 dB in the frequency range of 3-6 kHz was 41-50% when the standard method of predicting NIHL specified in Standard No. ISO 1999:1990 was used. This risk increased to 50-67% when noise impulsiveness, coexposure to organic solvents, elevated blood pressure and smoking were included in calculations.     

贵阳市一居民区大气颗粒态汞的污染状况

2004年4、7、8、11、12月采用微型捕集管-冷原子荧光光谱法对贵阳市一个居民区大气中的痕量颗粒态总汞(TPM)进行了测定。结果表明:TPM日均浓度范围是0.149~4.853 ng.m-3,平均值是1.091 ng.m-3,显著高于背景参考值1~86 pg.m-3;TPM浓度采暖期大于非采暖期,夜间通常大于白昼;TPM与大气气态总汞(TGM)可能具有同源性;燃煤、垃圾焚烧以及周边工厂排放的含尘烟气可能是居民区大气颗粒态汞的主要人为来源。