本溪地区灰霾天气时空分布特征分析研究

近年来,灰霾天气对本溪地区的影响越来越严重,由霾引发的环境污染对人们生产生活造成的影响也越来越大,因此对灰霾天气发生的时空分布特征的研究就尤为重要.文章运用本溪地面观测2012-2014年本溪市、本溪县、桓仁县3个国家基本站的观测资料,对霾日进行筛选和统计,分析本溪地区霾日发生的时空分布特征,本溪地区霾日数呈逐年增长趋势,2014年霾日数增长迅速.本溪地区冬半年霾日明显多于夏半年,两县霾日少于市区,空气质量优于市区.     

BDD电极电化学氧化降解废乳化液

废乳化液是机械加工过程产生的一种高浓度有机废液,属于危险废物.通过实验研究了 BDD电极电化学氧化处理废乳化液的降解效果,考察了电流密度、电解质种类及浓度、初始pH值和反应温度对降解效率的影响.结果表明:BDD电极电化学氧化可有效降解废乳化液中的有机物,当采用Na2S2O8为电解质,电流密度超过60 mA/cm2时,降...     

Complexity of the relationship between 2D/3D urban morphology and the land surface temperature: a multiscale perspective

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urban morphology is a crucial contributor to urban heat island (UHI) effects. However, few studies have explored the complex effect of 2D/3D urban...     

实验室重金属废水处理研究

根据实验室废水中Hg2+和Cr3污染特点,以硫酸亚铁、硫化钠作为还原剂,将废水中的Cr6+还原为Cr3+,Hg2+和Cr3+以沉淀的形式混凝去除。分别考察pH值、反应时间及还原剂投加量对两种重金属去除率的影响,结果表明过低的反应时间不利于Cr6+和Hg2+的去除,pH2.0时,Cr6+和Hg2+的还原效率较高,FeSO4和Na2S加量分别在1 000 mg/L和667 mg/L时,Cr6+和Hg2+具有较高的去除效率。利用正交实验对污染物去除条件进行优化,结果表明,两种无机还原剂投加比例对铬、汞两种重金属离子的去除率影响大,pH值次之,反应时间对去除率的影响最小,在pH为2.0、FeSO4和Na2S加量分别在1 000 mg/L和667 mg/L,反应时间为30 min时,废水中Hg2+和Cr6+的去除率最高,分别达到98.23%、95.97%,处理后废水达到国家污水排放标准。     

基于BP神经网络的大气污染物浓度预测

利用BP神经网络结合变量筛选的方法建立了SO_2、NO_2、O3、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)等6种污染物的浓度预测模型,并选取2014-01-01至2015-11-28时段,昆明市区5个环境监测点以上6种污染物浓度的监测数据建立了昆明市污染物日均浓度预测模型.采用平均影响值(Mean Impact Value,MIV)的方法筛选出分别对6种污染物日均浓度值有主要影响的变量,作为BP神经网络的输入变量,利用建立的预测模型分别对6种污染物的日均浓度进行预测.结果表明,在关上监测点利用浓度预测模型对SO_2、NO_2、O3、CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)等6种污染物浓度进行预测,污染物浓度预测值和实测值趋势吻合度较高.变量筛选后SO_2、PM_(2.5)预测效果比变量筛选前的预测效果好.O3的均方根误差和PM_(10)的标准化平均偏差,变量筛选前的预测效果比变量筛选后的预测效果好.变量筛选前的NO_2和CO的预测结果比变量筛选后的预测效果好.其他4个环境监测点的污染物浓度预测结果与关上监测点的结果相似.     

焦油渣和煤沥青焚烧处置实验研究

通过开展残渣与有机污染土壤的混合焚烧实验,分析了炉渣、烟气中多环芳烃和重金属的含量及浓度,明确了残渣焚烧的适用工艺及条件。结果表明,在一段炉焚烧温度600~900℃、二段炉出口温度≥1 100℃、烟气停留时间≥2s、急冷器出口温度≤150℃的条件下,炉渣中重金属含量较高,少部分进入到尾气中,多环芳烃含量极少,大部分被焚烧破坏和尾气净化设施去除。实验结果表明,在残渣掺入量为30%条件下,尾气排放能够满足标准要求。     

Impact on Mountainous Agricultural Development in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area forced by Migrants of the Three Gorges Project

Abstract

The Three Gorges Project attracts worldwide attention because of the Three Gorges migrants, and the agriculture of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area is a foundation for the development of the Three Gorges migrants. The Three Gorges Reservoir Area is situated at the mountainous area with bad agricultural development conditions and relatively low levels of development. As a result, the large-scale migration has special influence on its agricultural development, which has attracted much attention. The paper analyzes influence that the migrants have forced on its agricultural development based on the scientific data, and makes some explorations on the models that are suitable for the development of mountainous agriculture in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area     

Recovery of rare earth elements from waste fluorescent phosphors: Na2O2 molten salt decomposition

In this paper, an efficient recovery of rare earth elements from waste fluorescent phosphors has been reported and the novel process of alkali fusion and acid leaching has been proposed. The experimental results have shown that the key for efficient recycling is the complete dissolution of waste fluorescent phosphors. The Na₂O₂-to-waste mass ratio, calcination temperature and reactive time play considerable roles in rare earth elements extraction during the alkali fusion process. The optimal conditions in terms of temperature, time and Na₂O₂-to-waste mass ratio are 650 °C, 15 min and 2:1, respectively, under which more than 99.5 % rare earth elements are extracted. The possible reaction mechanism of alkali fusion has been proposed.     

PVC生产行业含汞废物特性分析与处置对策

本文对我国PVC生产行业含汞废物的特性和处理处置技术进行了系统的梳理,明确了现有各类技术的原理、优缺点及适用性,找出了该行业含汞废物处理技术的关键通用性规律。在以上研究基础上,结合含汞废物特性,提出了有针对性的含汞废物综合治理技术。     

Estimation on wetland loss and its restoration potential in Modern Yellow River Delta,Shandong Province of China

Wetland is one of the most important ecosystems with varied functions and structures, and its loss has been a major issue. Wetland loss in Modern Yellow River Delta (MYRD) becomes a serious environmental problem, so its restoration attracts a great deal of attention from academia and governments. This article proposes a GIS-based multi-criteria comprehensive evaluation methodology for potential estimation of wetland restoration, using MYRD as an example. The model uses four kinds of data (hydrology, terrain, soil, and land use) and could be adapted by planners for use in identifying the suitability of locations as wetland mitigation sites at any site or region. In the application of the model in the MYRD, the research developed a lost wetland distributed map taking the better wetland situation of 1995 as the reference, and elevated the overall distribution trends of wetland restoration potential based on wetland polygon. The results indicated that the total area of wetland loss from 1995 to 2014 was 568.12 km², which includes 188.83 km² natural wetland and 21.80 km² artificial wetland, respectively. The areas of lost wetland with low, middle, and high resilience ability are 126.82 km², 259.92 km², and 119.59 km², occupying 25.05%, 51.33%, and 23.62%, respectively. The high-restoration-potential wetland included 98.47 km² of natural wetland and 21.12 km² of artificial wetland, which are mainly bush, reed, and ponds. The high-restoration-potential wetland is mainly distributed in the vicinity of Gudong oil field, the Yellow River Delta protected areas, and the eastern sides of Kenli county and Dongying city.