Mesoporous carbon nanomaterials induced pulmonary surfactant inhibition, cytotoxicity, inflammation and lung fibrosis

Environmental exposure and health risk upon engineered nanomaterials are increasingly concerned. The family of mesoporous carbon nanomaterials(MCNs) is a rising star in nanotechnology for multidisciplinary research with versatile applications in electronics,energy and gas storage, and biomedicine. Meanwhile, there is mounting concern on their environmental health risks due to the growing production and usage of MCNs. The lung is the primary site for particle invasion under environmental exposure to nanomaterials. Here, we studied the comprehensive toxicological profile of MCNs in the lung under the scenario of moderate environmental exposure. It was found that at a low concentration of 10 μg/mL MCNs induced biophysical inhibition of natural pulmonary surfactant. Moreover, MCNs at similar concentrations reduced viability of J774 A.1 macrophages and lung epithelial A549 cells.Incubating with nature pulmonary surfactant effectively reduced the cytotoxicity of MCNs.Regarding the pro-inflammatory responses, MCNs activated macrophages in vitro, and stimulated lung inflammation in mice after inhalation exposure, associated with lung fibrosis.Moreover, we found that the size of MCNs played a significant role in regulating cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory potential of this nanomaterial. In general, larger MCNs induced more pronounced cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects than their smaller counterparts. Our results provided valuable information on the toxicological profile and environmental health risks of MCNs, and suggested that fine-tuning the size of MCNs could be a practical precautionary design strategy to increase safety and biocompatibility of this nanomaterial.     

Enhanced removal of tetracycline via advanced oxidation of sodium persulfate and biochar adsorption

Advanced oxidation of antibiotic tetracycline (TC) is becoming an accessible and efficient technology. The removal of TC from the complex wastewater needs to be lucubrated. In this study, a TC removal system involving degradation and adsorption was established. TC degradation was accomplished by enhanced advanced oxidation via the addition of sodium persulfate (SP) and biochar into simulated wastewater containing Mn²⁺ and TC wastewater. The adsorption of TC and its derivatives was removed by biochar. The results indicate that the optimized reaction parameters were 3.0 g/L of biochar prepared at 600 °C (B600) and 400 mg/L of SP under acidic condition, and the removal percentage of TC was 87.48%, including 74.23% of degradation and 13.28% of adsorption; the anions Cl^?, NO₃^?, and H₂PO₄^? had negligible effects on the removal of TC in this Mn²⁺/B600/SP system. The system also functioned well with an aqueous solution with a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis indicated that ·OH and SO₄^? free radicals were present in the Mn²⁺/B600/SP system. Based on the testing and analysis results, a removal mechanism and potential TC degradation pathway for this system were proposed. TC can be degraded by ·OH and SO₄^? via three degradation pathways. Mn²⁺ can be precipitated as MnO₂, and a part of the TC and its derivatives can be adsorbed on the biochar surface. The Mn²⁺/B600/SP system also performed satisfactorily for a complex aqueous solution with various cations and antibiotics.

     

埋地管道泄漏自适应封堵机器人设计及研究

为解决管道在长期使用中出现的破损、杂质增多及因介质腐蚀和冲蚀产生不规则障碍物等一系列问题,采用模块化设计方法,提出1种驱动性能好、可靠性强的多体分布式自适应管道封堵修复机器人.通过建立机器人越障模型,研究驱动轮和支撑轮运行时的越障方程;在ADAMS软件中建立驱动单元模型,对其运行速度、驱动力、越障高度进行仿真分析;建立...     

微生物修复大庆采油区湿地石油污染实验研究

通过在大庆湿地采油区野外实验点对Лейнол、Дестройл两种俄罗斯石油降解微生物制剂本土测试,验证其石油污染湿地修复的效果。采用单因子污染指数与综合污染指数表征方法,评价不同实验方案处理后大庆采油区湿地水体的污染程度变化,比较不同实验方式的效果,确定理想的湿地水体石油污染降解方式。结果表明,以两种生物制剂等量混合达到湿地水体石油污染降解效果最佳。并以实验地为例,讨论了大庆油田湿地石油污染以微生物修复为主的修复方案必须注意的一些问题。