Evaluation of mercury speciation and removal through air pollution control devices of a 190 MW boiler

Air pollution control devices (APCDs) are installed at coal-fired power plants for air pollutant regulation. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems have the co-benefits of air pollutant and mercury removal. Configuration and operational conditions of APCDs and mercury speciation a ect mercury removal e ciently at coal-fired utilities. The Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to determine mercury speciation simultaneously at five sampling locations through SCR-ESP-FGD at a 190 MW unit. Chlorine in coal had been suggested as a factor a ecting the mercury speciation in flue gas; and low-chlorine coal was purported to produce less oxidized mercury (Hg2+) and more elemental mercury (Hg0) at the SCR inlet compared to higher chlorine coal. SCR could oxidize elemental mercury into oxidized mercury when SCR was in service, and oxidation e ciency reached 71.0%. Therefore, oxidized mercury removal e ciency was enhanced through a wet FGD system. In the non-ozone season, about 89.5%–96.8% of oxidized mercury was controlled, but only 54.9%–68.8% of the total mercury was captured through wet FGD. Oxidized mercury removal e ciency was 95.9%–98.0%, and there was a big di erence in the total mercury removal e ciencies from 78.0% to 90.2% in the ozone season. Mercury mass balance was evaluated to validate reliability of OHM testing data, and the ratio of mercury input in the coal to mercury output at the stack was from 0.84 to 1.08.     

观赏性植物对土壤重金属的修复效果及其环境效应分析——以开封市菊花为例

为了解观赏性植物对土壤重金属污染的修复效果,以开封市5种菊花(金皇后、墨菊、孔雀草、粉旭桃、玛格丽特菊)为研究对象,分析菊花以及土壤样品中镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、铅(Pb)、锌(Zn)等5种重金属元素的含量,分析菊花对土壤重金属的富集、转移能力.采用单因子指数法、内梅罗综合指数法评价土壤环境质量,并采用模糊综合评价法进一步分析菊花带来的环境效益.结果表明,土壤中5种重金属的含量由大到小为:Zn Pb Cu Cr Cd,土壤重金属为轻度污染,且Cd对综合指数贡献最大;富集能力方面,所选菊花对5种重金属均能够富集;转移能力方面,金皇后的能力最强,其由强到弱的排序为Cr Cd Pb Zn Cu;环境效益分析,以开封菊花为例,2016—2018年开封菊花日滞尘量、日释氧量、日固碳量随着菊花的增多而增强.     

基于MATLAB的BP神经网络模型在漠阳江水质评价中的应用研究

为提高水质评价的准确性,基于MATLAB及人工神经网络理论,采用误差反向传播的BP算法建立漠阳江水质评价模型,充分利用神经网络的非线性映射特性,取7项常规地表水水质评价指标对漠阳江水质进行评价,并将BP神经网络评价结果与单因子评价法及综合指数法的评价结果进行比较,网络运行结果表明一致效果良好.同时较传统的水质评价方法,该网络具有较高的识别精度,提高了水质评价等级的准确性,使评价的结果更具有科学性.     

Sustainability prioritization of sewage sludge to energy scenarios with hybrid-data consideration: a fuzzy decision-making framework based on full consistency method and fusion ranking model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This work proposed a novel mathematical framework for the sustainability assessment of sewage sludge to energy (SStE) scenarios, by resorting to fuzzy...     

土壤-青菜系统中铅污染对土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了青菜种植条件下2种不同类型的人为铅污染土(黄松田土和黄红壤)中不同处理对土壤微生物生物量、生理生态参数以及群落结构的影响.结果表明,2种土壤在外源铅含量为100和300 mg·kg-1时,土壤微生物生物量有微小增加,而高浓度铅污染使土壤微生物生物量显著降低.在高浓度铅污染土壤中,微生物生理生态参数发生明显变化,微生物生物量碳/土壤有机质碳(Cmic/Corg)逐渐下降,代谢熵(qco2)明显上升,表明土壤微生物群落处于胁迫状态.结果还显示,铅污染对土壤微生物的影响与不同的管理方式(青菜种植情况)以及土壤中有机质、粘粒含量等有关,在种植青菜、有机质和粘粒含量高的土壤中,土壤微生物各项参数变化要小.对21种磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)的图谱进行分析,结果表明,受铅污染土壤的微生物群落结构组成伴随着功能参数的变化而发生了改变;随着铅污染程度的增强,指示真菌和放线菌类的脂肪酸增加,而革兰氏阳性菌与革兰氏阴性菌脂肪酸比值下降.     

铁炭微电解组合工艺处理大蒜切片废水研究

采用铁炭微电解技术为核心工艺的混凝-铁炭微电解-强化电解组合工艺对大蒜切片废水进行处理,主要研究了铁炭微电解的运行参数,包括曝气与否、废水pH值、反应时间、铁炭质量比、铁水质量比对COD去除效果的影响。结果表明:经过组合工艺处理后,废水刺鼻的气味完全消除,浊度去除率达100%,ρ(COD)值由13050mg/L降至878mg/L,去除率达93.3%,BOD5/COD(B/C)值由0.10提高到0.46,废水的可生化性显著提高。     

2种人工湿地的水力停留时间及净化效果

以复合垂直流人工湿地(IVCW)和水平潜流人工湿地(HSCW)为研究对象,研究了2种湿地运行的季节性最佳水力停留时间(HRT)参数,并监测了2种湿地在最佳HRT参数下运行时对污水的净化效果。结果显示:(1)在IVCW中,最佳HRT在春、秋季为8～10 h;夏季为6 h;冬季为12 h。在HSCW中,最佳HRT在春、秋季为10～12 h;夏季为6～8h;冬季为24～36 h。(2)2种湿地对COD的去除率均无显著的季节性差异;湿地进水中NH4+-N/TN比值与TN去除率显著负相关;不同季节下IVCW对TN的去除效果均高于HSCW。(3)水温对TN、TP去除率的影响在IVCW中比HSCW中的明显;水温高时,2种湿地中的TN去除率较高,IVCW中的TP去除率也较高,但HSCW中的TP去除率则较低,它们间均未达到显著的相关性。     

曝气对两种人工湿地污水净化效果的影响

采用复合垂直流和水平潜流2种人工湿地处理混合污水,研究了在气水比(曝气体积/湿地进水体积)为2、4、6、8和10时2种人工湿地对污水的净化效果.结果显示:(1)复合垂直流人工湿地以气水比为2进行曝气时,对污水的净化效果最好,上行池出水的COD、TN、NH4+-N、NO3--N平均去除率比不曝气时分别提高了16.47%、...     

Adsorption and degradation of triazophos, chlorpyrifos and their main hydrolytic metabolites in paddy soil from Chaohu Lake, China

Triazophos and chlorpyrifos are organophosphorus pesticides (OPs), and their primary hydrolytic metabolites are 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazole (BZC) and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCP). In this study, the adsorption and degradation of triazophos, chlorpyrifos, BZC and TCP were investigated in paddy soil from Chaohu Lake, China. Adsorption tests demonstrated that the adsorption of these compounds to soils could be described by the Freundlich equation. Moreover, chlorpyrifos displayed the highest affinity for adsorption, followed by triazophos, BZC and TCP. Degradation of these compounds in non-sterile soil followed first-order exponential decay kinetics, and the half-life (t(1/2)) of these contaminants ranged from 8.40 to 44.34 d. Sterilization of soil decreased the degradation rate, indicating that microorganisms played a significant role in the degradation of these compounds. The values of t(1/2) and K(oc) were fitted to obtain models that could predict the leaching potential of the contaminants from soil. Compared to their parent compounds, BZC and TCP showed high potential for leaching into groundwater. The inoculation of OPs-degrading bacterium (Diaphorobacter sp. GS-1) removed 95.38%, 100% and 100% of triazophos, chlorpyrifos and BZC in paddy soil after 21 d, respectively. The pollution risk of triazophos, chlorpyrifos and BZC could be greatly decreased by inoculating soil with Diaphorobacter sp. GS-1, which decreases the t(1/2) of the contaminants.     

青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合高温厌氧消化研究

在中试规模下,研究青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合(质量比1∶1)高温厌氧消化实验,通过监测厌氧消化过程中产气量、气体组成等产气情况和消化液中pH值、SCOD、NH3-H、VFAs含量和组分等化学指标变化,确定混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷,并分析混合高温厌氧消化技术的可行性,结果表明,(1)青岛市餐厨垃圾与菜市场垃圾混合高温厌氧消化产甲烷具有技术可行性;(2)混合厌氧消化的最大有机负荷可达4.069 kg VS/(m3.d);(3)当系统最大有机负荷时,每天每千克VS最高可产生甲烷量0.346 m3;(4)混合厌氧消化可削减氨氮对餐厨垃圾单独厌氧消化产沼气的影响。