Manganese-modified biochar for highly efficient sorption of cadmium

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, corn stalk was modified by manganese (Mn) before (MBC1) and after (MBC2) pyrolysis at different temperatures (400~600 °C)...     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(VI) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron (ZVI) was loaded on expanded graphite (EG) to produce a composite material (EG-ZVI) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). EG and EG-ZVI were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. EG-ZVI had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(VI) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(VI) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZVI, which was higher than that for both EG (10.00%) and ZVI (29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(VI) by EG-ZVI showed little dependence on solution pH within a pH range of 1–9. Even at pH 11, a Cr(VI) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZVI could enhance the removal of Cr(VI) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(VI) removal, which indicated that the ZVI loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(VI) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III) hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZVI.     

一种新型高效复合溴基杀菌剂的研制及应用

介绍了溴类杀生剂的优势及国内外发展状况，溴基杀生剂DBNPA的实验室合成，工业放大以及现场应用效果等情况。     

改性聚氨酯海绵的合成及其油水分离性能

以膨胀石墨与氧化锌为原料,采用复合改性法改性聚氨酯海绵,在硅烷偶联剂的作用下,用月桂酸的醇溶液表面修饰后制备出改性聚氨酯海绵. 通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)与接触角测定仪进行表征,对改性聚氨酯海绵的吸油、吸水及循环使用性能进行了测定,并试验获得了最佳的油水分离条件. 结果表明:改性聚氨酯海绵具有良好的疏水超亲油性,在膨胀石墨分散液与氧化锌胶体溶液体积比为1∶1时,对于质量浓度为20 g/L的机油水溶液,饱和单位吸油量最高可达17.7 g/g,对机油的选择性吸附系数为10.41,油水分离效果最佳;在选择吸附过程中,15 min以内油水分离效率就能达到78.41%;改性聚氨酯海绵每次循环利用后,单位吸油量的减幅均低于7.3%,循环使用性能良好. 研究显示,该种改性聚氨酯海绵对油水体系中的油类具有很好的选择性,吸附完成后,经过简单的挤压将油回收后即可循环利用,具有便捷、高效、循环、无二次污染的特性.      

Long-term observation of air pollution-weather/climate interactions at the SORPES station: a review and outlook

This work presents an overall introduction to the Station for Observing Regional Processes of the Earth System–SORPES in Nanjing, East China, and gives an overview about main scientific findings in studies of air pollution-weather/climate interactions obtained since 2011. The main results summarized in this paper include overall characteristics of trace gases and aerosols, chemical transformation mechanisms for secondary pollutants like O₃, HONO and secondary inorganic aerosols, and the air pollution–weather/climate interactions and feedbacks in mixed air pollution plumes from sources like fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning and dust storms. The future outlook of the development plan on instrumentation, networking and data-sharing for the SORPES station is also discussed.

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数字石油矿区的设计构想

从数字地球和石油矿区相关概念出发,分析了信息技术在石油矿区可持续发展中的重要地位和作用。从油田开发、炼制对生态环境的影响及信息、信息技术在油田可持续发展中的作用方面探讨了数字矿区建设的必要性;从数字石油矿区建设的可行性、任务及构成方面提出了数字石油矿区的设计思想。同时分析了数字石油矿区的建立对优化资源配置、环保治理、基础设施和产业结构优化、矿区规划与决策产生的影响及其在矿区可持续发展中的应用前景。     

Performance and mechanism of Cr(Ⅵ) removal by zero-valent iron loaded onto expanded graphite

Zero-valent iron(ZⅥ) was loaded on expanded graphite(EG) to produce a composite material(EG-ZⅥ) for efficient removal of hexavalent chromium(Cr(Ⅵ)). EG and EG-ZⅥ were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Fourier-transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis. EG-ZⅥ had a high specific surface area and contained sub-micron sized particles of zero-valent iron. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the Cr(Ⅵ) removal performance. The results showed that the Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate was 98.80% for EG-ZⅥ,which was higher than that for both EG(10.00%) and ZⅥ(29.80%). Furthermore, the removal rate of Cr(Ⅵ) by EG-ZⅥ showed little dependence on solution p H within a p H range of 1–9.Even at pH 11, a Cr(Ⅵ) removal rate of 62.44% was obtained after reaction for 1 hr. EG-ZⅥ could enhance the removal of Cr(Ⅵ) via chemical reduction and physical adsorption,respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) was used to analyze the mechanisms of Cr(Ⅵ) removal, which indicated that the ZⅥ loaded on the surface was oxidized, and the removed Cr(Ⅵ) was immobilized via the formation of Cr(III) hydroxide and Cr(III)–Fe(III)hydroxide/oxyhydroxide on the surface of EG-ZⅥ.     

Enhanced phytoremediation of PAHs-contaminated soil from an industrial relocation site by Ochrobactrum sp.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nowadays, the remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)-contaminated soil has received wide attention. In this work, Ochrobactrum sp....     

Visual range trends in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China, 1981-2005

Visual range (VR) data from 1981 to 2005 were examined for 20 meteorological monitoring sites in the Yangtze River Delta Region of China. Cumulative percentile analysis was used to construct VR trend. The 25-yr average domain-average 50% VR was approximately 21.9 +/- 1.9 km. Domain-average 50% VR decreased from 1981 to 2005 with a trend of -2.41 km/decade. The worst 20% and 50% and best 20% VR and variation rates for the 20 sites were analyzed. The 50% VR of the town, county-level city, and prefecture-level city sites were 24.1, 21.5, and 19.4 km, respectively. The best 20% VR decreased fastest with a rate of -3.5 km/decade. Regional median VR decreased from the coastal sites to the inland sites. Ridit analysis and cumulative percentile were adopted to study the VR variation properties between economically developed areas (e.g., Nanjing and Hangzhou) and remote areas (e.g., Lvsi). The two analyses show that VR decreased in Nanjing and Hangzhou but remained constant in Lvsi from 1981 to 2005.     

The Asian nitrogen cycle case study

We analyzed nitrogen budgets at national and regional levels on a timeline from 1961-2030 using a model, IAP-N 1.0. The model was designed based upon the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methods using Asia-specific parameters and a Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) database. In this paper we discuss new reactive-nitrogen and its various fates, and environmental nitrogen enrichment and its driving forces. The anthropogenic reactive nitrogen of Asia dramatically increased from approximately 14.4 Tg N yr-1 in 1961 to approximately 67.7 Tg N yr-1 in 2000 and is likely to be 105.3 Tg N yr-1 by 2030. Most of the anthropogenic reactive-nitrogen has accumulated in the environment. We found that an increasing demand for food and energy supplies and the lack of effective measures to improve the efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen use, as well as effective measures for the prevention of NOx emissions from fossil-fuel combustion, are the principal drivers behind the environmental nitrogen-enrichment problem. This problem may be finally solved by substituting synthetic nitrogen fertilizers with new high-efficiency nitrogen sources, but solutions are dependent on advances in biological technology.