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Implementing effective conservation requires an understanding of factors affecting deforestation and forest degradation. Previous studies have investigated factors affecting deforestation, while few studies have examined the determinants of both of deforestation and forest degradation for more than one period. To address this gap, this study examined factors influencing deforestation and forest degradation during 1989–2000 and 2000–2005 in the Popa Mountain Park, Myanmar. We applied multinomial logistic regression (MNL) using land cover maps derived from Landsat images as the dependent variables as well as spatial and biophysical factors as the independent variables. The MNL models revealed influences of the determinants on deforestation and forest degradation changes over time. For example, during 1989–2000, deforestation from closed forest was positively correlated to the distance from the park boundary and was negatively correlated with distance from villages, roads, the park circular road, slope, western aspect and elevation. On the other hand, during 2000–2005, deforestation of closed forest was positively correlated with distance from villages, roads, the park circular road, slope and western aspect, and negatively correlated with distance from the park boundary and elevation. Similar scenarios were observed for the deforestation of open forest and forest degradation of closed forest. The study also found most of the determinants influenced deforestation and forest degradation differently. The changes in determinants of deforestation and forest degradation over time might be attributable to the general decrease in resource availability and to the effect of conservation measures conducted by the park. 相似文献
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Yang Yue Tong Yan’an Gao Pengcheng Htun Yin Min Feng Tao 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(35):43466-43479
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The net greenhouse gas (NGHG) emissions and net greenhouse gas intensity (NGHGI) were investigated via the determination of nitrous oxide (N2O)... 相似文献
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Hunting is a threat to wildlife within the Hkakaborazi National Park in north Myanmar. We used questionnaire surveys to obtain
data on variables such as commonly targeted species, prices of traded wildlife, reasons for hunting and the relative importance
of livelihood sources. We examine (a) the significance of hunting and trade for livelihoods and explore (b) the impacts of
hunting on targeted species. Ninety per cent of trade records (n = 803) was constituted by seven species commonly targeted by hunters (serow, red goral, muntjac, bear, Assamese macaque,
black musk deer and takin). Commercially valuable species previously targeted by hunters (tiger, otter, pangolin) appear to
be completely absent from current harvest records and potentially in decline. Although farming is the predominant occupation,
hunting (driven by trade) represents a significantly higher source of income than other livelihood activities. Management
recommendations include increased investment in enforcement, education and outreach, small livestock development, improved
crop productivity, demarcation of no-take areas for wildlife and biological monitoring of targeted species. 相似文献
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Madhu Rao Saw Htun Steven G. Platt Robert Tizard Colin Poole Than Myint James E. M. Watson 《Ambio》2013,42(7):789-804
High levels of species richness and endemism make Myanmar a regional priority for conservation. However, decades of economic and political sanctions have resulted in low conservation investment to effectively tackle threats to biodiversity. Recent sweeping political reforms have placed Myanmar on the fast track to economic development—the expectation is increased economic investments focused on the exploitation of the country’s rich, and relatively intact, natural resources. Within a context of weak regulatory capacity and inadequate environmental safeguards, rapid economic development is likely to have far-reaching negative implications for already threatened biodiversity and natural-resource-dependent human communities. Climate change will further exacerbate prevailing threats given Myanmar’s high exposure and vulnerability. The aim of this review is to examine the implications of increased economic growth and a changing climate within the larger context of biodiversity conservation in Myanmar. We summarize conservation challenges, assess direct climatological impacts on biodiversity and conclude with recommendations for long-term adaptation approaches for biodiversity conservation. 相似文献
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The Hponkanrazi Wildlife Sanctuary, North Myanmar and three contiguous protected areas, comprise some of the largest expanses
of natural forest remaining in the region. Demand for wildlife products has resulted in unsustainable exploitation of commercially
valuable species resulting in local extirpation of vulnerable species. Camera trap, track and sign, and questionnaire-based
surveys were used to examine (a) wildlife species targeted by hunters, (b) the importance of wild meat for household consumption,
and (c) the significance of hunting as a livelihood activity for resident villages. Certain commercially valuable species
highly preferred by hunters were either completely absent from hunt records (tiger, musk deer and otter) or infrequently obtained
during actual hunts (bear, pangolin). Species obtained by hunters were commonly occurring species such as muntjacs with low
commercial value and not highly preferred by hunters. Fifty eight percent of respondents (n = 84) indicated trade, 27% listed subsistence use and 14% listed human-wildlife conflict as the main reason for hunting (n = 84). Average amount of wild meat consumed per month is not significantly higher during the hunting season compared to the
planting season (paired t-test, P > 0.05). Throughout the year, the average amount of fish consumed per month was higher than livestock or wild meat (Friedman
test, P < 0.0001). Hunting is driven largely by trade and wild meat, while not a critical source of food for a large number of families
could potentially be an important, indirect source of access to food for hunting families. Findings and trends from this study
are potentially useful in helping design effective conservation strategies to address globally prevalent problems of declining
wildlife populations and dependent human communities. The study provides recommendations to reduce illegal hunting and protect
vulnerable species by strengthening park management through enforcement, increasing the opportunity costs of poaching, establishing
no-take zones and research to determine the economic significance of hunting for livelihoods. 相似文献
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Graham W. Prescott William J. Sutherland Daniel Aguirre Matthew Baird Vicky Bowman Jake Brunner Grant M. Connette Martin Cosier David Dapice Jose Don T. De Alban Alex Diment Julia Fogerite Jefferson Fox Win Hlaing Saw Htun Jack Hurd Katherine LaJeunesse Connette Felicia Lasmana Cheng Ling Lim Antony Lynam Aye Chan Maung Benjamin McCarron John F. McCarthy William J. McShea Frank Momberg Myat Su Mon Than Myint Robert Oberndorf Thaung Naing Oo Jacob Phelps Madhu Rao Dietrich Schmidt‐Vogt Hugh Speechly Oliver Springate‐Baginski Robert Steinmetz Kirk Talbott Maung Maung Than Tint Lwin Thaung Salai Cung Lian Thawng Kyaw Min Thein Shwe Thein Robert Tizard Tony Whitten Guy Williams Trevor Wilson Kevin Woods Alan D. Ziegler Michal Zrust Edward L. Webb 《Conservation biology》2017,31(6):1257-1270
Political and economic transitions have had substantial impacts on forest conservation. Where transitions are underway or anticipated, historical precedent and methods for systematically assessing future trends should be used to anticipate likely threats to forest conservation and design appropriate and prescient policy measures to counteract them. Myanmar is transitioning from an authoritarian, centralized state with a highly regulated economy to a more decentralized and economically liberal democracy and is working to end a long‐running civil war. With these transitions in mind, we used a horizon‐scanning approach to assess the 40 emerging issues most affecting Myanmar's forests, including internal conflict, land‐tenure insecurity, large‐scale agricultural development, demise of state timber enterprises, shortfalls in government revenue and capacity, and opening of new deforestation frontiers with new roads, mines, and hydroelectric dams. Averting these threats will require, for example, overhauling governance models, building capacity, improving infrastructure‐ and energy‐project planning, and reforming land‐tenure and environmental‐protection laws. Although challenges to conservation in Myanmar are daunting, the political transition offers an opportunity for conservationists and researchers to help shape a future that enhances Myanmar's social, economic, and environmental potential while learning and applying lessons from other countries. Our approach and results are relevant to other countries undergoing similar transitions. 相似文献
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