三丁基锡对蓝子鱼的激素和酶指标及组织显微结构的影响

采用静态暴露方式研究三丁基锡氯化物(TBTCl)对黄斑蓝子鱼(Siganus oramin)的毒性效应.当蓝子鱼暴露于40～4000 ng·L-1 TBTCl中10d或20d后,雌鱼和雄鱼的肝体指数显著升高,鳃、肝脏、脾脏、心脏、皮肤等组织的显微结构发生明显的病理变化;上述病变随毒物暴露剂量或暴露时间的增加而加剧.与对照组相比,暴露10d后,40 ng·L-1组的血浆睾酮水平和400 ng·L-1组的血浆皮质醇水平显著升高,4000ng·L-1组的血浆皮质醇水平显著降低、肝脏谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)活性极显著升高;暴露20d后,各处理组的血浆睾酮和皮质醇水平无显著变化,但40、400 ng·L-1组的肝脏GST活性显著升高.结果提示,肝体指数、肝脏代谢酶活性、血浆皮质醇水平,以及有关组织的病理变化可以作为评估三丁基锡等环境污染物毒性效应的生物指标.     

红壤地区小流域开发治理研究——以玉山县宅前小流域为例

本文以玉山县宅前小流域开发治理规划为例,指出红壤地区小流域治理指导思想和应遵循原则,提出以山顶及坡度≥25°山坡营造防护林,坡度<25°山坡实行等高开垦为水土保持措施;同时兴修水利,建立山地灌溉体系,努力提高劳动者素质,加速区域经济发展,此小流域开发治理将为我国南方未开发的红壤地区充分利用自然资源提出一个典范。     

Effects of fenvalerate concentrations and its chiral isomers on bacterial community structure in the sediment environment of aquaculture ponds

To investigate the effect of chiral pesticide fenvalerate (FV) on the micro-ecological environment of aquaculture pond sediment, we used an indoor static experiment to observe the effects of FV added at different concentrations with different chiral isomers on the changes in the sediment bacterial community. The 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technique was used to conduct sequencing and analysis of the bacterial community structure as well as changes in aquaculture pond sediments after 4 weeks of cultivation. The results showed that the microbial alpha diversity indices (Sobs and Shannon indices) of the treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group after 4 weeks (P < 0.05), and the values in the high-concentration group were significantly lower than those of the low-concentration group (P < 0.05). In terms of bacterial group composition, the proportion of abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in the treated groups were greater than in the control group after 4 weeks, while the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia were lower. In the high-concentration FV treatment group, the proportion of abundance of Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Nitrospinae, unclassified_k_norank, Ignavibacteriae, and Nitrospirae were significantly different from those of the other groups (P < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and ANONISIM/Adonis analysis showed that the cis-enantiomer had a stronger effect on the bacterial community as the concentration of FV increased. In addition, the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) results revealed differences in the level of enrichment of bacterial groups caused by FV at different concentrations and isomer levels. Collectively, this study showed that FV residue has a pronounced effect on bacterial communities in sediment, which becomes more significant with increasing exposure concentration. The effects of the cis- and trans-enantiomers of FV on the sediment environment are different; the cis-enantiomer has a stronger effect on the bacterial community.

     

Antibiotic accumulation,growth performance,intestinal diversification,and function of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed by diets supplemented with different doses of sulfamethoxazole

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To comprehensively investigate the effects of exposure to legal doses of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), fishes were...     

下击暴流下单立柱三面式广告牌风压特性研究∗

基于计算流体动力学理论,采用雷诺平均方法对下击暴流作用下单立柱三面式广告牌结构风压分布进行三维数值计算。首先,通过模拟下击暴流风场风剖面验证计算模型及参数准确性。然后,主要分析径向距离和风向角对广告牌风压分布特性的影响。数值结果表明：径向距离和风向角对广告牌风压分布特性有较强影响,当结构置于 R=0D_jet时,广告牌内外表面均承受较大压力;而 R=1D_jet时,广告牌各面板所受压力达到最大值,然后随径向距离逐渐增大其数值不断减小。随风向角不断增大,广告牌各面板前后叠加风压系数逐渐增大,广告牌迎风面风压系数分布由不对称逐渐转变为对称分布,受高压区域面积也随之逐渐增大。     

磺胺甲噁唑对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了探讨磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)对猪粪堆肥过程的影响,以猪粪、小麦秸秆为试验材料,研究了SMZ对好氧高温堆肥过程中温度、脱氢酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响.结果表明,在整个堆腐过程中,SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的处理中脱氢酶活性受到不同程度的抑制作用;SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1时对脱氢酶活性有激活作用.SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1的处理中AWCD值与未添加SMZ的处理差异不显著,Simpson指数显著高于其他处理,有利于提高微生物的优势度,Shannon多样性指数显著高于未添加SMZ的处理,提高了微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的处理中AWCD值显著低于其他处理,对微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的堆料中微生物对多酚化合物类和多胺类等物质利用率显著低于其他处理,SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1的堆料中微生物对糖类、多聚物类及多胺类等物质利用率较低.主成分分析表明,堆料中微生物中起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类、羧酸类及AA酸类.     

土霉素对厌氧发酵中酶活性和甲烷产量的影响

以猪粪为原料,小麦秸秆为调节物质,在小型厌氧发酵装置进行中温(37℃)厌氧发酵试验,研究了外源添加土霉素(OTC)对厌氧发酵过程中累积甲烷产量、脲酶活性和脱氢酶活性的影响以及土霉素的浓度变化情况.依据土霉素的添加量不同,试验共设置4个处理:CK处理,L处理(OTC质量分数60 mg·kg-1),M处理(OTC质量分数100 mg·kg-1),H处理(OTC质量分数140 mg·kg-1).结果表明:厌氧发酵初期,土霉素对甲烷累积产量有一定的促进作用,以后转变为抑制作用.厌氧发酵结束时,同对照相比,L至H处理甲烷累积产量依次减少了8.9%,4.6%,9.4%.厌氧发酵初期,土霉素对脲酶活性有一定的促进作用,随后转变为抑制作用;厌氧发酵前期,不同浓度土霉素对脱氢酶活性均表现为抑制作用,厌氧发酵后期,只有H处理的脱氢酶活性显著小于对照.土霉素含量在第10 d大幅度减少,30 d后土霉素含量基本维持不变.