福建九龙江流域重金属分布来源及健康风险评价

为研究九龙江流域水体重金属污染水平,在其主要干流及支流采集27个表层水样,分析了Zn、Cu、As、Cr、Pb、Ni和Cd共7种重金属的含量及空间分布特征,利用因子分析方法分析重金属污染物的主要来源,并采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其所引起的健康风险作了初步评价.结果表明,流域水体中Zn的平均浓度最高,为154.893μg/L;As超过地表水Ⅲ类水质标准,超标率为14.81%,超标区域集中位于九龙江下游及河口区.因子分析表明,As、Cr、Cu和Ni的来源主要受各种人为活动影响,Cd、Pb和Zn的来源与成土母质、地球化学作用和农业生产活动有密切的关系.健康风险评价表明,化学致癌物对人体健康危害的个人年均风险远远超过非致癌物的年风险,儿童比成人更易于受到重金属污染的威胁.致癌物Cr和As的个人年均风险值都大于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平5.0×10-5a-1,其中Cr>As;非致癌有毒化学物质通过饮水途径所引起的健康危害的个人年均风险大小为Cu>Pb>Zn>Ni,四者风险水平在10-9~10-10a-1之间,均低于ICRP标准4~5个数量级.     

武汉市洪山区春季PM2.5浓度及多环芳烃组成特征

分析了武汉市洪山区2014年春季PM2.5的浓度,并利用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)测定了多环芳烃(PAHs)的组成.结果表明,PM2.5的质量浓度为47.99～195.87μg/m3,平均质量浓度为(101.34±32.49)μg/m3,超标天数占总监测天数的81.82%;PM2.5质量浓度与各气象要素间的相关性不显著.PM2.5中PAHs日均浓度变化范围为8.44~34.45ng/m3,平均浓度为21.48±7.03ng/m3,其中4环PAHs的含量最高,达到11.72ng/m3,占总PAHs浓度的54.56%,结合典型污染来源中PAHs的特征比值和数学统计中主成分分析法,判断出其主要污染来源为车辆排放、燃烧源和燃煤源;PAHs日均总毒性当量(∑BaPeq)浓度范围为1.10~5.46ng/m3,平均值为2.99ng/m3,日均超标率达到60.61%.     

Pilot study on the treatment of low carbon and nitrogen ratio municipal sewage by A1/O2/A3/A4/O5 sludge-membrane coupling process with multi-point inflow

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A new multi-point inflow pre-anoxic/oxic/anaerobic/anoxic/oxic (A1/O2/A3/A4/O5) sludge-membrane coupling process and pilot plant were developed and...     

洪湖湿地水鸟肝脏中有机氯农药的分布

对我国中部地区洪湖湿地6种水鸟肝脏中20种有机氯农药进行了测量.发现DDTs是最主要的OCPs,约占总OCPs的38.3%~93.0%,其平均含量范围为2.74~121.72ng/g 湿重.HCHs和DDTs的富集形态说明洪湖湿地这些有机氯农药主要来源于历史残留.不同水鸟肝脏中∑OCPs含量差异显著(P<0.01),表现为白鹭和池鹭体内OCPs含量(37.91~137.22ng/g 湿重)要远高于其他水鸟(5.00~21.49ng/g 湿重),这种差异的产生主要与其饮食习性有关.大多数水鸟HCHs性别间基本无差异;但白鹭、池鹭雄性水鸟中总OCPs平均含量(白鹭: 136.90ng/g 湿重; 池鹭: 52.41ng/g 湿重)高于雌性水鸟(白鹭: 126.60ng/g 湿重; 池鹭: 49.78ng/g 湿重).与已有研究相比,洪湖湿地水鸟体内OCPs含量处于较低水平.风险评价结果表明研究区水鸟肝脏中OCPs含量不会对该地区水鸟种群产生不利效应.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the air of Chinese cities

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the air of 37 cities and 3 rural locations across China during the winter, spring, summer and autumn of 2005, using polyurethane foam (PUF) disks as passive air samplers (PAS). Winter and autumn concentrations in cities exceeded spring and summer values. Concentrations were amongst the highest in the world; seasonally averaged autumn/winter values in some cities in the north and north-west of China exceeded proposed European Union air quality standards. Several factors, acting in combination, influenced air concentrations. A significant negative correlation was found between average annual city concentrations and the annual average temperature, while winter time PAH concentrations correlated with estimated coal consumption. The highest total PAH concentrations and loadings of high molecular weight compounds generally occurred in major cities located on higher land (500-2000 m), where relatively cold winters and higher coal consumption occurs. Lower values occurred in cities located in the south and east China and along the coastal regions. Molecular markers indicated incomplete combustion of fossil fuels dominated the urban air and gave evidence for photo-decomposition of selected compounds.