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排序方式: 共有62条查询结果,搜索用时 234 毫秒
1.
Michael Henry German PardoTsugio Nishimura Yoshitaka Kato 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):1060-1069
This paper investigated the effect of various amounts of low-grade recycled aggregates in concrete containing mineral admixtures at three different water-binder ratios on mechanical and environmental performance. The balance between durability and environmental impact for a given strength level similar to normal-use concrete was also examined using analytic hierarchy process. Results showed that increasing the water-binder ratio and volume of recycled aggregates reduced compressive strength and increased air permeability and drying shrinkage relative to normal aggregates. However, compared to normal-use concrete similar or better performance could be achieved, which was attributed to improvement of low-grade recycled aggregate performance when combined with fly ash. Similarly, CO2 emissions and volume of raw materials were lower than the normal-use concrete for all mixes. Concrete mixes with low air permeability and low CO2 footprint had the best balance of durability and environmental impact, as decreasing raw material volume tended to more greatly reduce durability. 相似文献
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3.
Kei Asada Koki Toyota Taku Nishimura Jun-Ichi Ikeda Kaneaki Hori 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):285-292
Applying manure compost not only results in zinc accumulation in the soil but also causes an increase in zinc mobility and enhances zinc leaching. In this study, the physical and chemical characteristics of zinc, zinc profiles, and zinc balance were investigated to characterise the fate of zinc in fields where the quality and amount of pig manure compost applied have been known for 13 years. Moreover, we determined zinc fractionation in both 0.1 mol L?1HCl-soluble (mobile) and -insoluble (immobile) fractions. Adsorption of zinc in the soil was enhanced with increasing total carbon content following the application of pig manure compost. The 159.6 mg ha?1 year?1manure applied plot (triplicate) exceeded the Japanese regulatory level after only 6 years of applying pig manure compost, whereas the 53.2 mg ha?1 year?1 manure applied plot (standard) reached the regulatory level after 13 years. The zinc loads in the plots were 17.0 and 5.6 kg ha?1 year?1, respectively. However, 5.9 % and 17.2 % of the zinc loaded in the standard and the triplicate pig manure compost applied plots, respectively, were estimated to be lost from the plough layer. Based on the vertical distribution of mobile and immobile zinc content, a higher rate of applied manure compost caused an increase in the mobile zinc fraction to a depth of 40 cm. Although the adsorption capacity of zinc was enhanced following the application of pig manure compost, a greater amount of mobile zinc could move downward through the manure amended soil than through non manure-amended soil. 相似文献
4.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the questions concerning stimulation of the innovation and the diffusion of energy saving or low-carbon.To do so,this paper explains using two cases of Japan-energy saving innovation after the Oil Shock and the eco points system.For the case after the oil shock,we explain the energy saving trend after the Oil Shock and the factors statistically.Then we put forward the business model for the low-carbon economy.Furthermore,we analyze the case of the eco points system from 2009-2011 in Japan and explain the significance of the business model for diffusion of the low-carbon products. 相似文献
5.
Kazuyuki Oshita Xiucui Sun Koji Kawaguchi Kenji Shiota Masaki Takaoka Kazutsugu Matsukawa Taku Fujiwara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2016,18(4):608-617
Ash produced from the combustion of livestock manure contains large amounts of phosphorus (P), which is an important resource as a fertilizer. Some studies have extracted and recovered P from incinerated biomass ash using inorganic acid or alkaline agents, which produce wastewater that requires treatment and is expensive due to the cost of chemicals. Livestock manure ash contains not only P, but also water soluble salts, which could be a negative influence on plant growth and shall be preferably removed from the recovered fertilizer. In this study, we removed salinity from cattle manure incineration ash by simple aqueous leaching, while retaining the P content. The optimal condition was a 20 min leaching time at a liquid/solid (L/S) ratio of 10 mL g-ash?1. Under this condition, over 90 % of Cl and 20 % of Na in the original ash was removed, while over 99 % of the P was retained in the leached residue. The leached residue met the fertilizer standard in Japan in terms of citrate soluble fertilizer components and contained few heavy metals. X-ray analyses of the ash indicated that Cl was mainly present as KCl in the original ash, while P was mainly present as Ca compounds in the ash. 相似文献
6.
Cheng W Yagi K Akiyama H Nishimura S Sudo S Fumoto T Hasegawa T Hartley AE Megonigal JP 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(6):1920-1925
To understand which soil chemical properties are the best predictors of CH4 production in rice paddy soils, a model was developed with empirical data from nine types of rice soils collected around Japan and anaerobically incubated at 30 degrees C for 16 wk in laboratory conditions. After 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 wk of incubation, CO2, CH4, and Fe(II) were measured to understand soil organic matter decomposition and iron (Fe) reduction. Available N (N ava) was also measured at the end of incubation. The results showed that decomposable C and reducible Fe are two key parameters that regulate soil CH(4) production (P CH4). There was a significant relationship between decomposable C and available N (N ava) (r2 = 0.975**). Except for a sandy soil sample, a significant relationship between total Fe (Fe total) and reducible Fe was found. From this experiment, a simple model of soil CH4 production was developed: P CH4 = 1.593N(ava) - 2.460Fe total/1000 (each unit was mg kg(-1) soil). After simulated CH4 production by two soil chemical properties as above, there was a significant consistency between model simulation and actual measurement (r2 = 0.831**). 相似文献
7.
A badge-type personal sampler was developed for measuring personal exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2). An absorbent sheet containing triethanolamine (TEA) solution absorbed NO2 which diffused through five layers of hydrophobic fiber filter. Wind effects on absorption rate were suppressed by these filter layers. NO2 was measured by the sampler with a sensitivity of 124.8 μg h/m3 (66 ppb h) and an accuracy of within ± 20%. It could be used for measuring personal exposure to NO2 without interfering with the wearer's daily activities. Nitric oxide (NO) could be measured after a small modification to the sampler provided oxidation ability to the layers of diffusion filter. Three layers of hydrophobic fiber filter were replaced by 12 layers of glass fiber filter containing chromium trioxide solution. NO was oxidized to NO2 in the oxidation layers and absorbed by the absorbent sheet together with the coexisting NO2. Sensitivity and accuracy of the sampler for NO were nearly equal to that for NO2. 相似文献
8.
S. Taku Ide Kristian Jessen Franklin M. Orr Jr. 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2007,1(4):481-491
CO2 can be effectively immobilized during CO2 injection into saline aquifers by residual trapping – also known as capillary trapping – a process resulting from capillary snap-off of isolated CO2 bubbles. Simulations of CO2 injection were performed to investigate the interplay of viscous and gravity forces and capillary trapping of CO2. Results of those simulations show that gas injection processes in which gravitational forces are weak compared to viscous forces (low gravity number Ngv) trap significantly more CO2 than do flows with strong gravitational forces relative to the viscous forces (high Ngv). The results also indicate that over a wide range of gravity numbers (Ngv), significant fractions of the trapping of CO2 can occur relatively quickly. The amount of CO2 that is trapped after injection ceases is demonstrated to correlate with Ngv. For some simulated displacements, effects of capillary pressure and aquifer dip angle on the amount and the rate of trapping are reported. Trapping increases when effects of capillary pressure and aquifer inclination are included in the model. Finally we show that injection schemes such as alternating injection of brine and CO2 or brine injection after CO2 injection can also enhance the trapping behavior. 相似文献
9.
Previous studies have revealed that the mutagenicity of fenitrothion increases during anaerobic biodegradation, suggesting that this insecticide's mutagenicity could effectively increase after it pollutes anaerobic environments such as lake sediments. To investigate possible changes to the mutagenicity of fenitrothion under aerobic conditions after it had already been increased by anaerobic biodegradation, batch incubation cultures were maintained under aerobic conditions. The mutagenicity, which had increased during anaerobic biodegradation, decreased under aerobic conditions with aerobic or facultative bacteria, but did not disappear completely in 22 days. In contrast, it did not change under aerobic conditions without bacteria or under continued anaerobic conditions. These observations suggest that the mutagenicity of anaerobically metabolized fenitrothion would not necessarily decrease after it arrives in an aerobic environment: this would depend on the presence of suitable bacteria. Therefore, fenitrothion-derived mutagenic compounds may pollute the water environment, including our drinking water sources, after accidental pollution of aerobic waters. Although amino-fenitrothion generated during anaerobic biodegradation of fenitrothion was the principal mutagen, non-trivial contributions of other, unidentified metabolites to the mutagenicity were also observed. 相似文献
10.
Hiroshi Mitomo Kazunobu Sasada Kenji Nishimura Fumio Yoshii Naotsugu Nagasawa 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(2):95-103
Poly(-caprolactone) (PCL) was blended with diatomaceous earth (diatomite) and irradiated with -rays to introduce cross-linking between PCL molecules or both components. The unwashed diatomite containing a little of a volatile component showed high efficiency of introduction of cross-linking, whereas that with no volatile component showed low efficiency of introduction of cross-linking. Elongational viscosity, melt viscosity, and modulus of PCL/diatomite blend irradiated at various doses were significantly improved. Enzymatic degradation of the PCL/diatomite blend became faster than that of the PCL, though that of the blend irradiated became slower. 相似文献