Enhanced arsenate removal from aqueous solution by Mn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, Mn-doped MgAl-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were successfully synthesized for efficient removal arsenate from aqueous solution. The...     

明矾石在水体微藻去除中的应用研究

以温州市某大学校区内富营养化水体为研究对象,采用本地明矾石对含藻水体进行混凝除藻、除浊实验研究,分别进行投加量、搅拌强度、搅拌时间、静置时间及pH值对微藻去除效率的影响研究,以获得处理工艺的最佳条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供理论基础.试验中对投加明矾石前后,水体中浊度、总磷、氨氮和总氮进行了测定,结果表明：明矾石最佳投加量为0.35 g/L,最佳搅拌方式为200 rpm搅拌4 min;最佳静置时间为25 min;在碱性或中性水体的处理效果尤佳.     

不同灌溉方式冬小麦农田生态系统碳平衡研究

全球气候变暖趋势明显,陆地生态系统碳循环的研究成为目前的研究热点,而农田生态系统是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,由于农田生态系统是受人类强烈调节与控制的复合系统,其碳循环受各类农作措施的影响极大。新疆地处干旱区,水分条件是农田碳循环的最重要限制因子。为此,分析不同灌溉方式对冬小麦（Triticum aestivuml）农田生态系统碳平衡的影响,从而提出有利于新疆冬小麦生产的固碳减排的灌溉方式。试验于2012—2013年在伊宁县科技示范园冬小麦试验田进行,选择伊农18冬小麦品种为供试材料,确定滴灌和漫灌为两个试验主因子并设置小区。试验自冬小麦返青开始至完全成熟结束,期间平均每7天采1次样,其中用典型样株法采集小麦植株,分根、茎、叶等不同器官单独烘干测定植株固碳量;用静态钠石灰吸收法测定冬小麦土壤呼吸;收集整理已发表国内外文献中的各类碳排放参数确定本研究中所需参数;采用王小彬的碳平衡计算方法分析不同灌溉方式农田生态系统碳平衡,据此对滴灌和漫灌两种灌溉方式的冬麦农田作物生物量固碳、土壤碳排放量和作物生产过程中物质投入的间接碳排放量,以及两种灌溉方式下冬麦农田生态系统净碳值进行分析。试验结果表明：滴灌条件下冬麦农田生态系统小麦的固碳量、土壤碳排放总量分别比漫灌小麦的高出15.38%和11.43%,冬小麦穗是差异形成的主要原因;而农业生产资料排碳总量比漫灌少排3.88%;但无论是滴灌还是漫灌,耗电碳排放量均占农业生产资料碳排放总量的59%以上,是农业生产资料碳排放的第一大来源。两种灌溉方式下冬小麦田生态系统的净碳值均呈现出固碳并存在显著差异（p〈0.01）,且滴灌冬麦农田生态系统净碳值比漫灌高25.39%。因此,新疆冬小麦生产中采用滴灌方式更有利于农田生态系统的固碳,     

Assessment of heavy metals in some wild edible mushrooms collected from Yunnan Province, China

Eight heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) in 14 different wild-growing edible mushroom species (Coprinus comatus, Voluariella volvacea, Pleurotus nebrodensis, Hypsizigus marmoreus, Hericium erinaceus, Agrocybe aegerita, Lenfinus edodes, Collybia velutipes, Agaricus bisporus, Russula albida, Clitocybe conglobata, Pleurotus eryngii, Lepista sordida, and Pleurotus ostreatus) collected from Yunnan province, China, were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry after microwave digestion. All element concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. The ranges of element concentrations for copper, zinc, iron, manganese, cadmium, chromium, nickel, and lead were 6.8-31.9, 42.9-94.3, 67.5-843, 13.5-113, 0.06-0.58, 10.7-42.7, 0.76-5.1, and 0.67-12.9 mg/kg, respectively. In general, iron content was higher than other metals in all mushroom species. The levels of zinc, cadmium, and lead in some edible mushroom samples were found to be higher than legal limits. The relative standard deviations were found below 10%. The accuracy of procedure was confirmed by certified reference material.     

廊坊市河流水质污染特征分析

根据廊坊市2001年～2008年地表水环境质量监测数据,论述了廊坊河流水质状况及其污染特征,指出廊坊河流水质为劣Ⅴ类,河流水质污染较重,基本属有机污染类型;河流水污染恶化趋势基本得到遏制,水体总体污染有所减轻。在此基础上,分析河流污染的原因,并提出改善河流污染的对策与措施。     

光诱导腐殖酸产生单线态氧的影响因素研究

研究了腐殖酸浓度、pH、温度和光照强度对光诱导腐殖酸产生单线态氧潜力的影响,并对腐殖酸紫外-可见光谱特征E2:E3与单线态氧量子产率的关系进行了分析.结果表明:腐殖酸浓度增加会促进单线态氧的产生,pH是腐殖酸产生单线态氧的重要影响因素,单线态氧平衡浓度([1O2]ss)在pH=7时最高,随酸(或碱)性增强而减小;在模拟的实际环境温度(1.5、5、10、15和25℃)中,[1O2]ss随绝对温度值(K)升高呈增长趋势,但在283 K(10℃)后趋于平衡;光照强度增大对[1O2]ss具有促进作用;在氙灯模拟日光照射实验中,最小(0.8×104lux)和最大(15.5×104lux)光强下[1O2]ss值相差一个数量级.单线态氧量子产率与腐殖酸的E2:E3值呈显著正相关,这可能与腐殖酸中小分子芳香族在光敏化过程中能量转移效率更高有关.综上可推测夏季(温度高和光照强度大)更有利于水环境中腐殖酸类溶解性有机质产生活性氧物质,促进对有机污染物的光降解.     

置障管道内天然气爆炸过程微观特性数值模拟研究

为揭示障碍物对于火焰传播过程中的激励作用,采用Zimont火焰面模型对内置不同阻塞率障碍物的密闭管道内天然气-空气预混气体的燃爆过程进行数值模拟,结果表明障碍物对于天然气燃爆过程中火焰传播的激励作用明显,火焰传播经历了从层流向湍流的转变过程,70%阻塞率时激励作用达到最大,火焰前锋速度达到了1 156 m/s,管道内最大爆炸压力达到1.02 MPa;火焰传播至障碍物处时,不同阻塞率障碍物场中湍流动能峰值变化趋势基本一致,且高湍流动能区的分布与湍流动能峰值发生剧烈变化。     

富里酸存在条件下铜对普通小球藻光合作用与细胞生理的影响

为探究富里酸存在条件下,铜对普通小球藻光合作用与细胞生理的影响,对普通小球藻进行富里酸及铜的复合暴露,检测相关的光合作用及细胞生理指标,并与单独暴露富里酸的普通小球藻指标水平进行比较分析.结果表明,铜的加入会影响藻细胞的光合作用,增加细胞膜通透性,使藻细胞体积增大,并导致藻细胞的死亡.富里酸可以明显减弱铜的毒性,减少藻细胞的死亡.随富里酸浓度升高,藻细胞死亡率呈下降趋势;高浓度的富里酸(74.5 mg·L~(-1)和119.2 mg·L~(-1))可以明显减弱铜对藻细胞体积增大的作用,低浓度的富里酸(20 mg·L~(-1)和54 mg·L~(-1))无明显影响.富里酸单独作用能够增强普通小球藻的光合作用,增加藻细胞的细胞膜通透性,但不具有致死性.     

Preventive control of odor emissions through manipulation of operational parameters during the active phase of composting

Better understanding of the effects of key operational parameters or environmental factors on odor emission is of critical importance for minimizing the generation of composting odors. A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to examine the effects of various operating conditions on odor emissions. The results revealed that airflow rates that were too high or too low could result in higher total odor emissions. An optimal flowrate for odor control would be approximately 0.6 L/min.kg dry matter with intermittent aeration and a duty cycle of 33%. Temperature setpoint at 60°C appeared to be a turning point for odor emission. Below this point, odor emissions increased with increasing temperature setpoint; conversely, odor emissions decreased with increasing temperature setpoint above this point. With regard to the composting material properties, odor emissions were greatly affected by the initial moisture content of feedstock. Both peak odor concentration and emission rate generally increased with higher initial moisture content. Odor emission was significant only at moisture levels higher than 65%. An initial moisture level below 45% is not recommended due to concern with the resulting lower degree of biodegradation. Biodegradable volatile solids content (BVS) of feedstock had pronounced effect on odor emissions. Peak odor concentration and emission rate increased dramatically as BVS increased from 45% to 65%, thus, total odor emission increased exponentially with BVS.     

廊坊市污水处理厂COD在线监测系统的应用研究

随着我国经济建设的飞速发展和人们环保意识的增强,在线监测技术开始应用于污水处理厂的水质监测。本文以廊坊市污水处理厂COD水质在线监监测仪为例说明COD水质在线监测仪在控制污水处理厂出水水质上的意义。