The land carrying capacity and environmental risk assessment of livestock and poultry breeding considering crop planting

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - At present, the contradiction between survival and ecology necessitates the integration of crop planting, chemical fertilizer application, and...     

矿物棉填料孔隙率对生物滴滤池水处理效果的影响

针对生物滴滤池因接触时间短而导致出水不达标的问题,采用3种容重(80、100、120 kg· m-3)的矿物棉作为滤池填料,考察了填料孔隙率对保水性的影响,分析了不同容重填料的生物滴滤池去除污染物的效能,探究了填料孔隙率对微生物群落特征的影响.结果 表明,矿物棉载体的吸水、保水性能随其孔隙率增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势;孔隙率较小的矿物棉载体在稳定运行后对COD、NH4+-N有更好的去除效果,平均去除率分别可达99％和72％,且具有一定的抗冲击负荷能力.高通量测序结果显示,随着矿物棉载体孔隙率的减小,微生物群落物种丰富度增加,而其多样性减少.比较而言,当容重为100 kg·m-3时,矿物棉的吸、保水性高,微生物种群结构适宜,出水水质可达一级A标准,且具有一定的抗冲击负荷能力.     

重金属污染土壤生物毒性的发光菌法测定及评价

向土壤中人为投加重金属污染物,制备了重金属含量不同的一系列污染土壤,对土壤重金属浸提条件进行了探究,并应用明亮发光杆菌T3（Photobacterium phosphoreum T3）对单一Cu、Cd和Pb污染及Cu-Cd和Cu-Pb复合重金属污染土壤的生物毒性进行了测定。实验结果表明,土壤重金属的最佳浸提剂为0.1 mol/L HCl溶液,最佳浸提时间为2.0 h。在单一重金属污染条件下：Cu表现出低浓度促进生长、高浓度抑制生长的双重生物效应,而Cd和Pb则表现出浓度与生物毒性的正相关性;3种重金属污染土壤的毒性强弱顺序为Cd>Pb>Cu。在复合重金属污染条件下,由于重金属之间的相互作用,污染土壤的生物毒性增强。     

厦门中华白海豚的重金属含量

对厦门港海域８只中华白海豚成体和幼仔体内的重金属含量进行了测定。结果表明，与鱼类和无脊上比，中华白海豚的重金属含量很高。成年的含量观于幼仔；肝的含量大大超过其他部位。中华白海豚的重金属含量高，与其它处于海洋食物链的的最顶级密切相关。     

曲江台野外试记分析

根据曲江台野外波形试记情况,分析所记录到的天然与非天然地震事件.根据"中国数字地震观测网络"区域数字测震台站勘选技术要求,计算分析连续48小时的背景噪声速度均方根值(RMS)和噪声功率谱密度,结果表明该台基的背景地噪声达到"Ⅰ类台基噪声水平".     

基于均匀实验设计的曝气池柔性设计方法

为了解决污水处理过程由于水质水量等不确定性参数偏离设计值所引发的问题,提出了一种基于均匀实验设计的曝气池柔性设计方法。该方法用均匀设计产生不确定性参数区域内具有代表性的不确定性情形,用因子设计生成应对这些情形的操作方案,在柔性瓶颈处通过直观分析寻找改进设计方案的策略。从案例研究可以看出,传统的没有系统化地考虑不确定性参数变化的设计方法,所设计的曝气池在一些不确定性情形下,可能无法正常运行,而本方法有助于避免这一缺陷。     

Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 4 Sequences Detected in Sewage from Treatment Plants of China

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage samples in Shen Zhen, China. Sewage samples were collected from 152 sewage plants including livestock sewage, domestic sewage and treated sewage from May to July of 2015. Two of 152 samples were HEV positive (1.32%) from the livestock sewage plants. Partial ORF2 fragments of HEV were sequenced and a phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA5.1. Blast and phylogenetic analyses showed that both of these two sequences belonged to HEV Genotype 4. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the molecular characterization of HEV in wastewater in China and the first time to detect Genotype 4 in the sewage. Results from this study indicate that the possibilities of sporadic infections of HEV should be emphasized because virus still has the possibility to be circulating in the sewage in China.     

g-C3N4/WO3光阳极的除污产电性能研究

光催化燃料电池（PFC）以太阳光为能源,利用半导体激发产生的活性物种降解污染物,同时将催化过程产生的电子导出获得电能,可有效应对环境污染和能源危机 . 本文采用热蒸汽冷凝和旋转涂膜法制备了以网状氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）为基底,其上负载 WO₃纳米片的电极材料 .在双腔室 H型电解池中,以制备的 g-C₃N₄/WO₃为光阳极、Pt片为阴极,盐酸四环素（TCH）和 Cr（VI）分别为阳极室和阴极室的目标污染物,构建g-C₃N₄/WO₃-Pt PFC 体系 . 光照 240 min 后,TCH 和 Cr（VI）的去除率分别为 79.1% 和 91.3%,电池的最大输出功率密度达到 6.70 μW·cm^-2.高活性来源于 3 个方面：（1）g-C₃N₄和 WO₃两种窄带半导体的同时激发,光能利用率增加;（2）g-C...     

Polypropylene microplastics alter the cadmium adsorption capacity on different soil solid fractions

• PP-MPs reduced the adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd in aqueous medium. • The responses of the POM, OMC and mineral fractions to PP-MPs were different. • PP-MPs reduced the adsorption of POM and OMC fractions to Cd. • PP-MPs increased the adsorption of mineral fraction to Cd. • Effect of MPs on soil may be controlled by proportion of POM, OMC and mineral fractions. Microplastics (MPs) are widely present in a variety of environmental media and have attracted more and more attention worldwide. However, the effect of MPs on the the interaction between heavy metals and soil, especially in soil fraction level, is not well understood. In this study, batch experiments were performed to investigate the adsorption characteristics of Cd in bulk soil and three soil fractions (i.e. particulate organic matter (POM), organic-mineral compounds (OMC), and mineral) with or without polypropylene (PP) MPs. The results showed that the addition of PP-MPs reduced the Cd adsorption capacity of the bulk soil in aqueous solution, and the effects varied with PP-MPs dose and aging degree. Whereas, the responses of the three fractions to PP-MPs were different. In presence of PP-MPs, the POM and OMC fractions showed negative adsorption effects, while the mineral fraction showed positive adsorption. For the bulk soil, POM and OMC fractions, the adsorption isotherm fitted to the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model, whereas, the Freundlich isotherm model is more fitted for the mineral fraction. Combined with the comprehensive analysis of the partitioning coefficients, XRD and FTIR results, it was found that OMC fraction extremely likely play a leading role in the bulk soil adsorption of Cd in this study. Overall, the effect of MPs on adsorption capacity of the bulk soil for Cd may be determined by the proportion of POM, OMC, and mineral fractions in the soil, but further confirmation is needed.