Effect of electrokinetic property of charged polyether sulfone membrane on bovine serum albumin fouling behavior

Negatively charged carboxymethylated polyethersulfone (CMPES) and positively charged quaternized polyethersulfone (QAPES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were prepared by bulk chemical modification and non-solvent induced phase separation method. The effects of PES membrane interfacial electrokinetic property on the bovine serum albumin (BSA) membrane fouling behavior were studied with the aid of the membrane-modified colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) probe. Electrokinetic test results indicated that the streaming potential (ΔE) of QAPES membrane was not consistent with its expected IEC value, however, within the pH range of 3–10, the ζ potentials of two charged-modified PES membranes were more stable than the unmodified membrane. When pH value was 3, 4.7 or 9, the interaction behavior between charged PES membrane and BSA showed that there was significant linear correlation between the jump distance r ₀ of membrane-BSA adhesion force (F/R) and the ζ potential absolute value. Charged modification significantly reduced the adhesion of PES membrane-BSA, and the adhesion data was good linear correlated with the flux decline rate in BSA filtration process, especially reflected in the CMPES membrane. The above experimental facts proved that the charged membrane interfacial electric double layer structure and its electrokinetic property had strong ties with the protein membrane fouling behavior.

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碱预处理污泥产酸效果及其生物群落研究

为了提高污泥水解酸化过程中的挥发酸产量,获取污水脱氮除磷所需的内碳源,以深圳市罗芳污水厂的二沉池污泥为研究对象,采用不同的碱量对其进行预处理。通过测定碱预处理污泥水解酸化过程中的挥发酸浓度,并采用聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳(polymerase chain reaction denature gradient gel electrophoresis,PCR-DGGE)技术对参与碱预处理污泥水解酸化产酸过程的主要微生物种群进行分析,结果表明,当碱投加量为0.20 g NaOH/g VSS时,初始溶出的蛋白浓度为1 780 mg/L;水解酸化15 d时,挥发酸总量达到3 473 mg/L;参与产酸的主要细菌属于Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Bacteroidetes三个门类。     

东北玉米低温冷害时空分布与多时间尺度变化规律分析

利用东北地区48个农业气象观测站1961-2010年逐日温度资料和近20多年玉米生育期资料,基于热量指数构建生育阶段冷害指数,采用EOF分析、Mann-Kendall法、子波变换等方法系统分析了近50年东北玉米4个生育阶段低温冷害时空分布及周期特征。结果表明:整个生育期全区平均冷害强度呈极显著的减弱趋势,地区间冷害变化趋势呈现差异化特征,冷害强度减弱趋势由西南向东北方向呈阶梯状递增;4个生育阶段冷害指数EOF第一模态均呈冷害空间变化趋势一致的特征;冷害强度呈较明显的减弱趋势,第1到第4生育阶段减弱趋势逐渐增大,突变均发生在1990年代中期;冷害强度具有较强的周期性,出苗—七叶、出苗—抽雄存在明显的23、25年周期,出苗—乳熟、出苗—成熟均具有较明显的3年周期振荡。     

文思湖底泥COD释放规律模拟研究

采用室内模拟实验方法，研究环境因子（温度、pH、扰动强度、供气量）对底泥释放COD的影响。结果表明，水温升高能加速底泥中有机质的释放；上覆水在弱酸至中性条件下底泥释放有机质最低；扰动上覆水体会加快有机质的释放。     

SDG-based HAZOP analysis of operating mistakes for PVC process

As modern chemical plants are becoming more complex and bigger in scale, the associated chance of things going wrong is also increasing rapidly. Due to the flammable, explosive, toxic and corrosive nature of chemical process, any single accident may trigger a major catastrophe that brings tremendous environmental, social and economical loss. In order to prevent any accident from happening, hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis has been brought in to monitor chemical process and provide early warning for signs of accident. However, most existing HAZOP is carried out manually, and there are always obstacles in terms of cost overrun and incompleteness of the analysis. To address the difficulties in current HAZOP method, this paper proposes a signed digraph (SDG)-based HAZOP analysis method. It is used to identify the most likely operating mistakes that may cause certain process variable deviating from its normal value, which is the main source of safety concern. A case study on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of SDG-based HAZOP analysis method in providing complete analysis result.     

光催化氧化处理低浓度含醇废水实验

室内实验了TiO2紫外光催化氧化处理废水中的低浓度甲醇。通过对TiO2催化剂活性及添加方式、溶液pH、紫外光强与催化剂加量等参数优化,在TiO2加入浓度为300mg/L和120 W紫外灯照射条件下,对6.8L甲醇浓度为2.77%的低浓度含醇废水持续处理70min后,废水中的甲醇去除率可达98.31%。该实验为进一步处理低浓度含醇废水提供了方法依据。     

季铵化木屑纤维素的制备及其对水中苯酚的吸附性能研究

以3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为醚化剂，对木屑纤维素进行了改性。探讨了改性木屑纤维素用量、pH值、吸附温度、吸附时间和苯酚初始浓度等因素对静态吸附效果的影响。结果表明，木屑纤维素经改性后，对水中的苯酚的吸附过程存在化学吸附，对水中的苯酚的吸附容量得到明显提高。     

栗钙土不同土地利用方式下土壤活性碳酸钙

土壤活性碳酸钙是指土壤中不稳定的、处于自由态、易发生化学反应的那部分碳酸钙。研究用KMnO4滴定法测定了内蒙古栗钙土的活性碳酸钙质量分数,目的是分析土地利用方式对土壤活性碳酸钙的影响。结果表明：201个土壤样品中活性碳酸钙质量分数的均值为20.57g·kg-1,变幅为0.63～135.59g·kg-1;不同土地利用方式下土壤活性碳酸钙质量分数的大小顺序为：退耕地锡林草地乌盟草地耕地;不同土地利用方式下土壤活性碳酸钙质量分数与碳酸钙质量分数均呈现极显著正相关关系;退耕地、乌盟草地、锡林草地的土壤活性碳酸钙质量分数分别与pH以及土壤粘粒质量分数呈现极显著正相关关系,而耕地的则未达到显著性水平,说明土地利用方式影响了土壤中碳酸钙的活性。土壤总碳酸钙质量分数（n=201）、pH（n=198）和粘粒质量分数（n=191）分别可以解释活性碳酸钙73%、13%和27%的变异。碳酸钙活度指数（CAI）包括了碳酸钙质量分数、pH和粘粒质量分数（CAI=pH＋0.01wCaCO3＋0.11wClay）,是基于每个变量对活性碳酸钙的相对影响而构建的,可以解释活性碳酸钙36%的变异（n=191）。     

川莓的化学成分

川莓 (ＲｕｂｕｓｓｅｔｃｈｕｅｎｅｎｓｉｓＢｕｒ .ｅｔＦｒａｎｃｈ .)为蔷薇科 (Ｒｏｓａｃｅａｅ)悬钩子属植物 ,分布于两湖和西南地区 ,其根和叶可用于治疗痨伤吐血、咳血、月经不调等[1] .该植物的化学成分还未见报道 ,我们将其根和叶用甲醇室温提取 ,提取物经硅胶柱层析分离纯化得到的 5个化合物 ,经波谱分析和与标准品对照分别鉴定为草莓苷Ｆ1(ｋａｊｉ ｉｃｈｉｇｏｓｉｄｅＦ1,1)、( ) 表儿茶素 ( 2 )、胡萝卜苷 6′ 棕榈油酸酯 ( 3)、胡萝卜苷 ( 4 )和β 谷甾醇 ( 5) .1　实验部分1 .1　仪器、材料和样品ＮＭＲ谱用Ｂｒｕｋ…     

镧及其配合物对鱼体肝脏中酶活性的影响

以鲫鱼（Ｃａｒａｓｓｉｕｓ ａｕｒａｔｕｓ）为实验对象，研究了镧（Ｌａ）及其配合物（Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ）对鱼体肝脏中过氧化氢酶和超氧歧化酶的早期作用过程。结果表明：在实验浓度下Ｌａ＾３＋与Ｌａ－ＥＤＴＡ对鱼肝中过氧化氢酶有激活作用，但最终表现为强烈抑制：而对超氧歧化酶最初显著抑制，最后表现为激活作用。