不同退耕年限下菜子湖湿地土壤铁形态变化

选取菜子湖区不同退耕年限(3、5、7、9、11、21 a)湿地为研究对象,以仍耕作油菜地和原始湿地为参照,分别采用王水消解法和Tessier连续提取法,分析了退耕还湖后湿地土壤全铁和铁的赋存形态特征,探讨退耕还湖后湿地土壤铁组分特征变化规律.结果表明:研究区土壤铁各形态含量大小顺序为:残渣态(RES-Fe:17.09~30.84 g·kg-1)铁锰氧化态(RED-Fe:3.66~4.48 g·kg-1)有机结合态(OM-Fe:0.87~3.09g·kg-1)碳酸盐结合态(CARB-Fe:0.01~0.37 g·kg-1)可交换态(EXC-Fe:0.01~0.15 g·kg-1).占全铁均小于1.5%的EXC-Fe和CARB-Fe均在退耕3 a和5 a期间含量快速升高,而后降低再升高,最低值出现在退耕11 a;RED-Fe在退耕3~9 a比较稳定,随后缓慢增加;而OM-Fe随退耕年限增加整体上呈增加趋势;占土壤铁形态总量73.91%~85.42%的RES-Fe在退耕3a时含量下降,在3~9 a间呈现逐渐增加的趋势,9~21 a又逐渐下降;研究区全铁(Tot-Fe)平均含量在18.50~38.41 g·kg-1之间,变化趋势与RES-Fe基本一致.讨论结果表明退耕还湖后水文条件和植被状况的改变导致了土壤环境发生变化,从而不仅影响退耕后湿地土壤全铁含量变化,也影响土壤铁形态组分特征,进而影响土壤铁的有效性.     

Comparative life cycle analysis of municipal waste management systems: Kırklareli/Turkey case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Waste-to-energy approaches are becoming increasingly important around the world, and municipal solid waste (MSW) as a renewable and sustainable energy...     

非自由基活化过一硫酸盐氧化降解喹啉的反应机制及毒性评价

采用非自由基活化的过一硫酸盐（PMS）氧化降解水中的喹啉,考察了PMS浓度、初始pH、反应温度及水中共存物质对喹啉降解效率的影响.结果表明,非自由基活化PMS体系可以有效降解喹啉,喹啉的降解过程符合伪一级反应动力学.初始喹啉浓度为10.0 mg·L^-1、PMS浓度为4.0 mmol·L^-1、pH 为7.0、温度为25 ℃的条件下,反应150 min喹啉降解率达到95.8%. HCO₃^-、NO₃^-、SO₄^2-和腐殖酸对喹啉的降解没有影响, 高浓度Cl^-可促进喹啉的降解.淬灭实验证实,反应体系中没有SO₄^-·和·OH的生成,而存在单线态氧（¹O₂）,PMS的直接氧化是喹啉降解的主导作用机制.通过GC-MS检测了喹啉降解的中间产物,并推测了喹啉降解的可能路径.毒性实验表明,反应体系降解喹啉过程中产生了毒性更强的中间产物,而在最佳反应条件下体系可以有效脱毒.     

Evaluation of air quality by passive and active sampling in an urban city in Turkey: current status and spatial analysis of air pollution exposure

Concentrations of air pollutants, nitrogen dioxide (NO(2)), sulfur dioxide (SO(2)), ozone (O(3)), particulate matter (PM(2.5) and PM(10)), trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in 2008 and 2009 in the city of Eski?ehir, central Turkey. Spatial distributions of NO(2), SO(2), and ozone were determined by passive sampling campaigns carried out during two different seasons with fairly large spatial coverage. A basic population exposure assessment was carried out employing Geographical Information System techniques by combining population density maps with pollutant distribution maps of NO(2) and SO(2). It was found that 95 % of the population is exposed to NO(2) levels close to the World Health Organization guideline value. Regarding SO(2), a large proportion of the population (83 %) is exposed to levels above the WHO second interim target value. Concentrations of all the pollutants showed a seasonal pattern increasing in winter period, except for ozone having higher concentrations in summer season. Daily PM(10) and PM(2.5) concentrations exceeded European Union limit values almost every sampling day. Toxic fractions of the measured PAHs were calculated and approximately fourfold increase was observed in winter period. Copper, Pb, Sn, As, Cd, Zn, Sb, and Se were found to be moderately to highly enriched in PM(10) fraction, indicating anthropogenic input to those elements measured. Exposure assessment results indicate the need for action to reduce pollutant emissions especially in the city center. Passive sampling turns out to be a practical and economical tool for air quality assessment with large spatial coverage.     

Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil

The modification of soil composition in the urbanized area of Ankara due to wet-dry deposition and pollution-derived particles from the atmosphere is investigated by analyzing 120 surface soil samples, collected from the urbanized area and its un-urbanized surrounding, for major, minor and trace elements. Concentrations of elements from human activity (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ca) in the urbanized area were higher than their corresponding concentrations in global average soil and soil in un-urbanized areas outside the urbanized area. Metal contents in soil were very high in densely populated districts and around some industrial facilities. The only exception was Pb distribution, which was more dispersed, due to the nature of motor vehicle emissions. Alteration of the Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr content of soil was confined to the inhabited and industrial areas, whereas enrichment factors of these elements were close to unity in the remaining study area. Factor analysis identified two polluted soil factor associations. One factor includes elements, such as Zn and Cd, which had high factor scores in inhabited areas and the other factor (high loading of Pb) represents soil polluted by motor vehicle emissions.     

天津盐渍化土壤水溶性氮素组成及分布特征

对天津不同程度盐渍化农田(n=4)和荒地(n=4)土壤水溶性有机碳(SOC)和水溶性氮素组成与分布特征进行了研究。结果表明:农田和荒地土壤水溶性有机碳(SOC)含量分别为26.1~46.4mg/kg和19.6~77.8mg/kg,由表层向下呈现出降低-升高-稳定的变化趋势。农田土壤具有较高溶解性总氮(TSN)、硝氮(NO-3—N)和水溶性有机氮(SON)含量,分别是荒地土壤的0.8~5.9、0.8~10.5和0.9~8.7倍。NO-3—N和SON是TSN的主要组成部分,分别占农田土壤TSN的38%~72%和26%~60%,荒地土壤的32%~75%和16%~58%。NO-3—N、SON在农田土壤剖面中主要积累在土壤表层和底层,而在荒地土壤剖面中主要积累在土壤表层,且在农田土壤中具有较高的淋溶风险。     

西北四省吸收性气溶胶时空动态分布及其影响因素

利用OMAERUV数据日产品,对西北四省（陕西省、甘肃省、青海省和宁夏回族自治区）2005—2019年紫外吸收性气溶胶指数（Ultraviolet Aerosol Index,UVAI）数据进行提取及分析,探讨其时空变化特征及影响因素.结果表明：在时间变化上,西北四省UVAI值呈波动上升的变化趋势;季节方面,UVAI均值大小为：冬季>春季>秋季>夏季,四季变化规律基本同步;从空间上看,UVAI值呈由西北向东南逐步递减的空间分布,UVAI的高值区分布在格尔木市、酒泉市、张掖市及临近区域;UVAI值稳定性存在显著的空间差异,整体呈现东西两端集聚、中部分散、高低差异显著的分布格局.自然因素中,UVAI值与气温、降水均呈显著负相关,但受地形、风向的影响显著,西部与西北部气流是吸收性气溶胶输送的主要路径.人为因素中,不同产业间与UVAI存在显著的正相关性,另外,UVAI值与机动车保有量、工业废气排放量也呈显著正相关,表明机动车尾气排放量与工业废气排放量也对吸收性气溶胶具有重要贡献.通过后向轨迹追踪发现,该区域西北和西部气流是UVAI外来输送的最主要路径.