Delayed association of acute particulate matter 2.5 air pollution exposure with loss of complexity in cardiac rhythm dynamics: insight from detrended fluctuation analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - There is a delayed (lag 1 to 2 days) correlation between acute PM 2.5 (particulate matter <?2.5 μm in aerodynamic...     

An optimised sequential extraction scheme for the evaluation of vanadium mobility in soils

Reviewing the current state of knowledge about sequential extraction applied for soil vanadium(V) fractionation, we identified an urgent requirement of an sequential extraction(SE) specified for V. Namely, almost all previous SE extracted only 8.4%–48% of total V in soils(excluding residue). Thus, we proposed an eight-step SE for V fractionation in soils according to the knowledge gained from literature and our own dissolution experiments with model minerals. After extracting the mobilisable and adsorbed V with de-ionised water and 5 mmol/L phosphate, 1 mol/L pyrophosphate was applied to gather organic matter bound V which minimised the artefact dissolving Al and Fe(hydr)oxides occurred when using HNO_3–H_2O_2for extraction. Extraction with 0.4 mol/L NH_2OH·HCl was highly selective toward manganese oxides. Fractionation of different crystalline Al and Fe(hydr)oxides associated V with 1 mol/L HCl, 0.2 mol/L oxalate buffer and 4 mol/L HCl at 95°C especially improved the extractability of V incorporated with crystalline phase associated V. The suitability of our new SE scheme was confirmed by its higher selectivity against the target phases and higher extraction efficiencies(55%–77% of total V) with model minerals and 6 soils of different properties than previous SE.     

Environmental assessment of organic soybean (Glycine max.) imported from China to Denmark: a case study

Growing global trade with organic products has increased the demand for environmental impact assessments during both production and transport. Environmental hotspots of organic soybeans produced in China and imported to Denmark were identified in a case study using a life cycle assessment approach. Furthermore, environmental impacts of organic and conventional soybeans at farm gate were compared in the case study. The total global warming potential (GWP) per ton organic soybeans imported to Denmark revealed that 51% came from transportation and 35% from the farm level. Comparing organic and conventional soybean at farm gate showed that GWP, non-renewable energy use, acidification and eutrophication was lower per ton organic soybeans, whereas land use was slightly higher.     

微生物堵塞过程中生物膜生长特征对多孔介质渗流特征影响

为研究回灌水刺激下生物膜在砂柱中的生长规律,并分析生物膜生长特征对堵塞介质典型渗流特征的影响,采用室内土柱实验方法,供给营养液刺激砂柱内生物膜生长,模拟入渗介质生物堵塞的过程,监测介质渗透系数的变化,并开展不同回灌时长下介质水分吸持实验和弥散试验,并对其内生物膜形态进行表征.结果显示,在0~5h时,渗透系数呈先下降后回升趋势;在回灌至18h前,渗透系数急剧衰减,水力弥散系数明显增大,水分吸持能力的变化并不明显;18h后渗透系数降低速率减缓,水分吸持能力明显升高,溶质运移过渡到以弥散作用为主导机制.综上,可将生物膜在介质内的生长分为三个阶段:菌适应期,接种菌体并未生长繁殖,单纯由于菌体的流入与流出引起渗透系数的变化;菌体大量生长繁殖期,大量生长繁殖的菌体占据了部分介质孔隙体积;胞外聚合物大量分泌期,逐渐形成具有透水性的生物膜,生物膜的生长与回灌水提供的养分形成动态平衡.     

活性炭吸附处理锂电池厂含酯废水及微波再生实验

采用活性炭吸附的方法对锂电池产生的含酯废水进行预处理,研究了吸附时间、初始pH值和活性炭投加量对废水COD去除的影响.吸附饱和后的活性炭用微波进行再生,考察了辐照时间、微波功率及再生次数对活性炭再生效果的影响.结果表明,当活性炭投加量为10g/L时,吸附60min,含酯废水的COD去除率为69.5%,可生化性从原水的0.05提高到0.25.当微波功率为420W、辐照时间为6min时,活性炭可被有效地再生,再生效率高达98.0%,活性炭损失率约为5.2%.再生前后活性炭的红外光谱图表明,活性炭表面官能团发生了变化,促进活性炭对污染物质的吸附.