长江经济带水质目标管理平台总体设计

为强化长江经济带资源整合与共享,集成统一规范的大数据平台,基于“十一五”“十二五”国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项数据和模型库资源,以面向服务的架构(SOA)和模块化设计为支撑,遵循“五横两纵四统一”的平台架构设计思路,应用大数据挖掘、云计算等现代信息技术,构建长江经济带水质目标管理平台.平台基于长江经济带水生态环境功能分区,兼顾不同类别水质目标管理技术的协调性、衔接性和适应性,对水质目标管理相关信息进行跟踪、模拟、分析和三维可视化表达,在水生态环境功能分区管理、数据汇交与信息共享、容量总量管理、风险评估与预警等方面实现业务化运行,实现全景式水质达标形势研判、一体化风险联防联控.平台已在国家长江生态环境保护修复联合研究中心进行业务化运行,将有效提升长江经济带水环境综合管理能力,同时可为其他重要流域水质目标管理提供信息化工作参考.      

Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

Investigating the bacterial community and amoebae population in rural domestic wastewater reclamation for irrigation

Reclamation of domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation is viewed as a sustainable option to create an alternative water source and address water scarcity. Free-living amoebae(FLA), which are amphizoic protozoa, are widely distributed in various environmental sources. The FLA could cause considerable environmental and health risks. However, little information is available on the risk of these protozoa. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility using rural domestic wastewater for agricultural irrigation, and analyzed dynamic changes of the microbial community structure and FLA populations in raw and treated wastewater, as well as the phyllosphere and rhizosphere of lettuce production sites that were irrigated with different water sources. The bacterial community dynamics were analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism(T-RFLP). The bacterial community structures in the influent were similar to that in the effluent, while in some cases relative abundances varied significantly. The populations of Acanthamoeba spp. and Hartmannella vermiformis in the anaerobically treated wastewater were significantly higher than in the raw wastewater. The vegetables could harbor diverse amoebae, and the abundances of Acanthamoeba spp. and H. vermiformis in the rhizosphere were significantly higher than in the phyllosphere. Accordingly, our studies show insight into the distribution and dissemination of amoebae in wastewater treatment and irrigation practices.     

On the determination of nitrous oxide emission factor during biomass burning

ＯｎｔｈｅｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｎｉｔｒｏｕｓｏｘｉｄｅｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｆａｃｔｏｒｄｕｒｉｎｇｂｉｏｍａｓｓｂｕｒｎｉｎｇＣａｏＭｅｉｑｉｕ；ＺｈｕａｎｇＹａｈｕｉ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉ...     

工业污染源综合评价层次分析法

根据层次分析法原理，可将污染源分解成污染要素，再分解为影响因子再分解为次级因子层，构造污染源评价的多层次评价结构模型，根据评价对象的性质和特点，建立指标体系，再据确定的取值规则，以各因子层构成准则层，以各污染源构成方案层，建立判断矩阵计算总排序权值，进行污染源综合评价。     

离子对烷基化法在2,4-D和2,4,5-T残留分析中的应用

有机阴离子可以和长碳链的季胺盐阳离子结合生成可溶于高介电常数有机溶剂的离子对.在此溶剂中,它可以和某些卤代烃发生复分解反应,生成季铵盐阳离子的卤化物及有机阴离子的相应烷基化物,故称离子对烷基化反应.此反应条件温和,转化率高,被广泛地应用于酸性及其它含活泼氢的有机化合物的烷基衍生物合成中.在这类有机物的分析中也得到应用.但尚未见应用于农药及其降解物残留分析中的报道. 2,4-D,2,4,5-T是典型的酸性有机农药,广泛用作农田除草剂.在二者的残留分析中,通常用CH_2N_2、BF_3CH_3OH、(CH_3)_2SO_4将它们烷基化,然后用气相色谱加以分析.近几年也有人用多卤素取代醇的BCl_3络合物或五氟苄基溴化物同Na_2CO_3作为     

香根草系统在宁合高速公路边坡防护上的试验

研究了宁合高速公路南京段易塌方地段土壤的基本性质，探讨了该地段频繁塌方的原因，以及香根草在该地区引种的情况。研究表明，香根草在该地区生长良好，有较强的适应性，并可在短时期内在边坡上形成稠密的绿蓠，既绿化了边坡，又能有效控制水土流失和稳定边坡。这一廉价的生物工程技术为香根草系统在该地区公路边坡防护上的应用和推广奠定了基础。     

浦东新区城市生态问题探析

以浦东新区为个案，提出了城市开发建设较为突出的城市平衡发展、河流治理、景观规划等方面的城市生态问题，并阐述了解决方法和对策。掌握并运用生态学原理，对于城市建设和管理具有重要意义。     

Effects of low pH on zooplankton in some suburban waterbodies of Chongqing City

ＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｌｏｗｐＨｏｎｚｏｏｐｌａｎｋｔｏｎｉｎｓｏｍｅｓｕｂｕｒｂａｎｗａｔｅｒｂｏｄｉｅｓｏｆＣｈｏｎｇｑｉｎｇＣｉｔｙＺｈｕａｎｇＤｅｈｕｉ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＨｙｄｒｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃ...     

热液成矿流体中的有机物质

热液流体中的主要有机质包括腐殖物质（t＜50℃）、有机羧酸（t＝80～140℃）、原油（120～180℃）和水溶性甲烷气（180～300℃）。腐殖物质在初始矿源层形成中起重要作用，在腐殖酸缩合成干酪根过程中通过去氧而导致还原的成岩环境，从而有效地防止金属元素在初始矿源石化过程中的分散。有机羧酸是干酪很早期演化的必然产物，富含有机羧酸的油田卤水可以成为MVT铅锌矿的成矿流体。在一定成熟度范围内原油可能成为汞金热液流体的重要有机组分。水溶性甲烷气是铜、铀、金等中低温热液流体的重要有机组分。有机质演化的阶段性决定了相应热液流体中有机质的类型；此外沉积建造的类型、金属元素在油／卤之间分配系数差异和构造条件差异导致了金属矿化分异。