Phenol degradation in waters with high iodide level by layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate: Pathways and products

Recently, layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate (LDH-PDS) as an advanced oxidation system can effectively remove organics by the pathway of free radical. However, little has been known if there is a potential risk regarding the formation of high toxic iodine byproducts through another pathway when LDH-PDS is used in high iodide waters at coastal areas. Therefore, this study investigated phenol degradation pathways and transformation products to evaluate both removal mechanism and potential risk by LDH-PDS in high iodide waters. The results showed that in LDH-PDS system, with the degradation of PDS, phenol degraded till below detection limit in 1 hr in the presence of iodide, while PDS and phenol were hardly degraded in the absence of iodide, indicating iodide accelerated the transformation of PDS and the degradation of phenol. What is more, it reached the highest phenol removal efficiency under the condition of 100 mg/L LDH, 0.1 mmol/L PDS and 1.0 mmol/L iodide. In LDH-PDS system, iodide was rapidly oxidized by the highly active interlayer PDS, resulting in the formation of reactive iodine including hypoiodic acid, iodine and triiodide instead of free radicals, which contributed rapid degradation of phenol. However, unfortunately toxic iodophenols were detected. Specifically, 2-iodophenol and 4-iodophenol were formed firstly, afterwards 2,4-diiodophenol and 2,6-diiodophenol were produced, and finally iodophenols and diiodophenols gradually decreased and 2,4,6-Triiodophenol were produced. These results indicated that LDH-PDS should avoid to use in high iodide waters to prevent toxic iodine byproduct formation although iodide can accelerate phenol degradation.     

Correction to: Impact of precipitation disparity on groundwater fluctuation in a semi-arid region (Vellore district) of southern India using geospatial techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-13406-7     

Impact of precipitation disparity on groundwater fluctuation in a semi-arid region (Vellore district) of southern India using geospatial techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the present study, impact of precipitation disparity on groundwater level fluctuation was carried out in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India, using...     

曝气量和盐度对硝化型颗粒污泥脱氮速率及粒径分布的影响

采用SBR反应器,在交替缺氧/好氧模式下处理低C/N生活污水,考察曝气量、盐度对短程硝化好氧颗粒污泥脱氮速率及粒径分布的影响.结果表明,在25 ℃、pH为7.5~8.0条件下,当进水NH₄⁺-N为65 mg·L^-1时,控制曝气量分别为8.75、12.50和16.25 L·h^-1·L^-1,在第35、24和23个周期时NH₄⁺-N去除率分别高达95.49%、98.46%和98.54%,选取12.50 L·h^-1·L^-1为最佳曝气量.控制在最佳曝气量条件下,当盐度为0时,NH₄⁺-N去除率及亚硝积累率分别为98.46%和90.42%;在盐度为5.0%时,NH₄⁺-N去除率和亚硝积累率分别为98.34%和96.71%.当曝气量从8.75 L·h^-1·L^-1提升为16.25 L·h^-1·L^-1,颗粒污泥平均粒径由170 μm增大为231.5 μm;控制曝气量在12.5 L·h^-1·L^-1,增加盐度至5.0%,颗粒污泥平均粒径由231 μm下降至156 μm,其占比由40.50%增加到48.26%.     

Anthropogenic pollution and variability of manganese in alluvial sediments of the Yellow River,Ningxia, northwest China

Heavy metal pollution of sediments is a global concern and can be a serious problem in heavily industrialized parts of the world. Pollution by manganese is particularly common due to its ubiquitous natural occurrence, ease of mobilization, and extensive association with industry. In Ningxia, China, manganese pollution of Yellow River alluvial sediments was assessed by comparing manganese concentrations in 35 sediment samples with background values derived from similar sediments obtained at sites considered remote from potential sources of contamination. Natural background values of manganese were found to range from 192 to 323 mg/kg for surface sediments, and from 220 to 325 and 283 to 394 mg/kg for subsurface sediments at depths of 45–50 and 95–100 cm, respectively. In the study area, manganese content ranged from 565 to 1,363 mg/kg, indicating anthropogenic pollution extending to a depth of at least 1 m in the study area. All 35 samples were found to exceed the threshold effect concentration (TEC) of 460 mg/kg, below which adverse effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are not expected to occur, and one sample (T12) was found to exceed the probable effect concentration (PEC) of 1,100 mg/kg. PEC defines the threshold above which adverse effects are likely to be observed. Variogram analysis of the surface sediment manganese data revealed adherence to a Gaussian model, and ordinary kriging was used to generate a manganese distribution map. Analysis of the high nugget effect ratio indicates high, small-scale variations that are consistent with potential emissions from an adjacent electrolytic manganese plant.     

Assessment of groundwater vulnerability in the Yinchuan Plain,Northwest China using OREADIC

Groundwater vulnerability assessments provide a measure of the sensitivity of groundwater quality to an imposed contaminant load and are globally recognized as an essential element of all aquifer management and protection plans. In this paper, the vulnerability of groundwaters underlying the Yinchuan Plain of Northwest China is determined using OREADIC, a GIS-based assessment tool that incorporates the key characteristics of the universally popular DRASTIC approach to vulnerability assessment but has been modified to consider important additional hydrogeological factors that are specific to the region. The results show that areas of high vulnerability are distributed mainly around Qingtongxia City, Wuzhong City, Lingwu City, and Yongning County and are associated with high rates of aquifer recharge, shallow depths to the water table, and highly permeable aquifer materials. The presence of elevated NO₃⁻ in the high vulnerability areas endorses the OREADIC approach. The vulnerability maps developed in this study have become valuable tools for environmental planning in the region and will be used for predictive management of the groundwater resource.     

地下水环境问题及其防治对策

地下水是中国北方城市重要的供水来源,地下水环境的好坏关系到国民经济的发展和人们身体健康。然而近年来地下水环境问题越来越严重,地下水污染,地下水超采等问题十分严重,严重制约着国民经济的可持续发展,威胁着人类生命的健康,同时也给环境带来了很大的压力。在前人研究的基础上,通过分析研究,总结了地下水环境恶化带来的问题,同时提出相应的解决措施,为国民经济可持续发展提供强有力的理论依据。     

原油储罐区可燃气体探测器布置优化方案研究

为有效预警原油储备区储罐气体泄漏,制定气体探测器布置优化方案,以某大型原油站库为例,基于CFD法和FLACS软件模拟原油泄漏及可燃蒸汽云溢散分布,通过分析蒸汽云扩散规律,实现全方位气体探测器优化布置。结果表明:原油储罐区探测器分别布置在区块21-2、6-1、31-1、40-2,且每个罐组总计布置16处;优化设置方案可满足所有泄漏场景下可燃气体探测需求,有效减少探测器配置冗余。可为泄漏事故早期预警提供技术支持。     

Sensitivity analysis of TOPSIS method in water quality assessment: I. Sensitivity to the parameter weights

Sensitivity analysis is becoming increasingly widespread in many fields of engineering and sciences and has become a necessary step to verify the feasibility and reliability of a model or a method. The sensitivity of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method in water quality assessment mainly includes sensitivity to the parameter weights and sensitivity to the index input data. In the present study, the sensitivity of TOPSIS to the parameter weights was discussed in detail. The present study assumed the original parameter weights to be equal to each other, and then each weight was changed separately to see how the assessment results would be affected. Fourteen schemes were designed to investigate the sensitivity to the variation of each weight. The variation ranges that keep the assessment results unchangeable were also derived theoretically. The results show that the final assessment results will change when the weights increase or decrease by ±20 to ±50 %. The feedback of different samples to the variation of a given weight is different, and the feedback of a given sample to the variation of different weights is also different. The final assessment results can keep relatively stable when a given weight is disturbed as long as the initial variation ratios meet one of the eight derived requirements.     

Groundwater quality assessment based on rough sets attribute reduction and TOPSIS method in a semi-arid area, China

In order to enrich and improve the groundwater quality assessment system, a new coupled assessment model based on rough set attribute reduction and the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) was proposed. The proposed model was applied in the groundwater quality assessment of a semi-arid area, northwest China. The results show that most chemical indices except NH (4) (+) , F(-), and Mn meet the Standards for Drinking Water of China and the groundwater quality overall is good. All assessed water samples are found to be fit for human consumption according to the comprehensive assessment results. Rough set attribute reduction for groundwater quality assessment is practical. The assessment results after attribute reduction show a good consistency with those before attribute reduction. Rough set attribute reduction and TOPSIS evaluation coupled model is clear in ideas and simple in calculation, and evaluation results are reasonable as well. The coupled model can be applied to solve many multiple criteria decision making problems such as groundwater quality assessment.