Metabolic degradation of imidacloprid in paddy field soil

The metabolic degradation and persistence of imidacloprid in paddy field soil were investigated following two applications of imidacloprid at 20 and 80 g a.i. ha^?1 at an interval of 10 days. The soil samples were collected at various time intervals. The limit of quantification for the analysis of imidacloprid and its metabolites was obtained at the concentration of 0.01 mg kg^?1. The initial deposits of total imidacloprid were found to be 0.44 and 1.61 mg kg^?1 following second applications. These residues could not be detected after 60 and 90 days following second applications of imidacloprid at lower and higher dosages, respectively. In soil, urea metabolite was found to be the maximum, followed by olefine, nitrosimine, 6-chloronicotinic acid, 5-hydroxy and nitroguanidine. The half-life values (t _1/2) of imidacloprid were worked out to be 12.04 and 11.14 days, respectively, when applied at lower and higher doses, respectively.     

汽车尾气污染的危害及防治对策探讨——以乌鲁木齐市为例

随着乌鲁木齐市社会经济的发展,汽车保有量大幅增加,给人们生活带来方便的同时,大量尾气外排对城区大气环境造成了污染。文章分析了汽车尾气排放污染物的种类,以及对人体产生的危害。面对环境污染的严峻形势,探讨了开发清洁能源,发展低污染环保型交通工具的可行性。根据乌鲁木齐城市特点,提出了预防或减轻汽车尾气污染的方法和措施。