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Study of chlorothalonil photodegradation in natural waters and in the presence of humic substances 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Photodegradation of chlorothalonil was studied in different natural waters (sea, river and lake) as well as in distilled water under natural and simulated solar irradiation. The effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) such as humic and fulvic substances on the photodegradation rate of chlorothalonil was also studied in simulated sunlight. The presence of DOM enhanced the photodegradation of chlorothalonil with the exception of seawater. The kinetics were determined through gas chromatography electron capture detection (GC/ECD) and the photodegradation proceeds via pseudo-first-order reaction in all cases. Half-life ranged from 1 to 48 h. In natural and humic water chlorothalonil photodegradation gave rise to two different intermediates compared to distilled water demonstrating that the transformation of chlorothalonil depend on the constitution of the irradiated media and especially from DOM. The byproducts identified by GC/MS techniques were: chloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene, dichloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene, trichloro-1,3-dicyanobenzene and benzamide. 相似文献
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Olga S. Arvaniti Marilena E. Dasenaki Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos Niki C. Maragou Vasilios G. Samaras Korina Antoniou Georgia Gatidou Daniel Mamais Constantinos Noutsopoulos Zacharias Frontistis Nikolaos S. Thomaidis Athanasios S. Stasinakis 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(11):148
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Catherine Tsangaris Evangelia Strogyloudi Ioannis Hatzianestis Vassiliki-Angelique Catsiki Ioannis Panagiotopoulos Vasilios Kapsimalis 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(9):6146-6161
Impacts of chemical contaminants associated with dumping of dredged urban river sediments at a coastal disposal area in Saronikos Gulf (Eastern Mediterranean) were investigated through a combined approach of sediment toxicity testing and active biomonitoring with caged mussels. Chemical analyses of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Cu, and Zn in combination with the solid phase Microtox® test were performed on sediments. Concentrations of PAHs, AHs, Cu, and Zn as well as multiple biomarkers of contaminant exposure and/or effects were measured in caged mussels. Sediments in the disposal and neighboring area showed elevated PAHs and AHs concentrations and were characterized as toxic by the solid-phase Microtox® test during and after dumping operations. Biomarker results in the caged mussels indicated sublethal effects mainly during dumping operations, concomitantly with high concentrations of PAHs and AHs in the caged mussel tissues. Cu and Zn concentrations in sediments and caged mussels were generally not elevated except for sediments at the site in the disposal area that received the major amount of dredges. High PAHs and AHs levels as well as sublethal effects in the caged mussels were not persistent after termination of operations. The combined bioassay–biomarker approach proved useful for detecting toxicological impacts of dredged river sediment disposal in sediments and the water column. Nevertheless, further research is needed to evaluate whether sediment toxicity will have long-term effects on benthic communities of the disposal area. 相似文献
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Change in plant spatial patterns and diversity along the successional gradient of Mediterranean grazing ecosystems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Concepcin L. Alados Ahmed ElAich Vasilios P. Papanastasis Huseyin Ozbek Teresa Navarro Helena Freitas Mihalis Vrahnakis Driss Larrosi Baltasar Cabezudo 《Ecological modelling》2004,180(4):523-535
In this study, we analyze the complexity of plant spatial patterns and diversity along a successional gradient resulting from grazing disturbance in four characteristic ecosystems of the Mediterranean region. Grazing disturbance include not only defoliation by animals, but also associated disturbances as animal trampling, soil compaction, and mineralization by deposition of urine and feces. The results show that woodland and dense matorral are more resistant to species loss than middle dense and scattered matorral, or grassland. Information fractal dimension declined as we moved from a dense to a discontinuous matorral, increasing as we moved to a more scattered matorral and a grassland. In all studied cases, the characteristic species of the natural vegetation declined in frequency and organization with grazing disturbance. Heliophyllous species and others with postrate or rosette twigs increased with grazing pressure, particularly in dense matorral. In the more degraded ecosystem, only species with well-adapted traits, e.g., buried buds or unpalatable qualities showed a clear increase with grazing. Indeed, the homogeneity of species distribution within the plant community declined monotonically with grazing impact. Conversely, the spatial organization of the characteristic plants of each community increased in the better-preserved areas, being also related to the sensitivity of the species to grazing impact. The degree of autocorrelation of plant spatial distribution at the species level and the information fractal dimension at the community level allow us to quantify the degree of degradation of natural communities and to determine the sensitivity of key species to disturbance. 相似文献
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Occurrence of endocrine disrupters and selected pharmaceuticals in Aisonas River (Greece) and environmental risk assessment using hazard indexes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stasinakis AS Mermigka S Samaras VG Farmaki E Thomaidis NS 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1574-1583
Purpose
The presence of four phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs: nonylphenol [NP], NP monoethoxylate[NP1EO], bisphenol A [BPA], triclosan, [TCS]) and four nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs: ibuprofen[IBF], ketoprofen [KFN], naproxen [NPX], diclofenac [DCF]) in a Greek river receiving treated municipal wastewater was investigated in this study.Methods
Samples were taken from four different points of the river and from the outlet of a sewage treatment plant (STP) during six sampling campaigns, and they were analyzed using gas chromatography?Cmass spectrometry.Results
According to the results, EDCs were detected in almost all samples, whereas NSAIDs were detected mainly in wastewater and in the part of the river that receives wastewater from the STP. Among the target compounds, the highest mean concentrations in the river were detected for NP (1,345?ng?L?1) and DCF (432?ng?L?1). Calculation of daily loads of the target compounds showed that STP seems to be the major source of NSAIDs to the river, whereas other sources contribute significantly to the occurrence of EDCs. The environmental risk due to the presence of target compounds in river water was estimated, calculating risk quotients for different aquatic organisms (algae, daphnids, and fish). Results denoted the possible threat for the aquatic environment due to the presence of NP and TCS in the river. 相似文献7.
Skoulikaris Charalampos Makris Christos Katirtzidou Margarita Baltikas Vasilios Krestenitis Yannis 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2021,26(4):459-486
Environmental Modeling & Assessment - In deltaic areas, riverine and coastal waters interact; hence, these highly dynamic environments are particularly sensitive to climate change. This adds to... 相似文献
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Kagalou I Papadimitriou T Bacopoulos V Leonardos I 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,137(1-3):185-195
Toxin-producing cyanobacteria in lakes and reservoirs form a threat to humans as well as various forms of aquatic life. This
study examined the occurrence and distribution of Microcystins (MCYST) in the shallow eutrophic lake Pamvotis (Greece). MCYST
concentrations in the tissues (liver, kidneys, intestine, gonads, brain and muscle) of the fish species Carassius gibelio were also examined. Tests were performed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MCYST concentration in water
and in the scum of Lake Pamvotis were highest during the warm period (April–October, 2005). Phytoplankton samples were dominated
by the genera Microcystis and Anabaena during the same period. MCYST values were always below the WHO Guide level for recreational waters but much higher than the
WHO Guide level for drinking water. It was found that MCYST can accumulate in the fish tissues of C. gibelio. Even though the target organ for MCYST is the liver, in our study MCYST were found also in the rest of C. gibelio tissues in the following order: intestine> kidney> > brain>gonads> muscle. Muscle tissue contained concentrations of microcystins
that correspond to 0.096 μg/kg/day well above the recommended limit for human consumption (0.04 μg/Kg/day). 相似文献
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Karageorgis AP Kapsimalis V Kontogianni A Skourtos M Turner KR Salomons W 《Environmental management》2006,38(2):304-315
The Axios River delta and the Inner Thermaikos Gulf coastal zone have experienced a long period of human interventions during
the past 100 years. A post-evaluation of long run coastal zone changes under the Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Response
(DPSIR) conceptual framework is presented. The DPSIR approach is then used to project out into possible futures in order to
connect with policy and management options proposed for the improvement of the current conditions and the achievement of sustainable
development, in the coastal zone. Socio-economic driving forces with their origins in the end of the 19th century have generated numerous pressures in the coastal environment that changed the state of the environment. In the first
part of the last century, there was no coupling between change of state and policy. Due to increasing environmental awareness,
a coupling became more apparent over the last thirty years. Human interventions include river route realignment, extensive
drainage of the plains, irrigation network, roads and dam constructions. The consequences were positive for the economic development
of the area, human health, and navigation for the port of Thessaloniki. In contrast, the manipulation and over-use of natural
resources has led to a reduction of wetlands, biodiversity loss, stress on freshwater supplies, and subsidence of coastal
areas, aquifer salinization, and rapid coastal erosion. Three plausible future scenarios are utilised in order to investigate
the implications of this environmental change process and possible socio-economic consequences. 相似文献